Triomphe: Difference between revisions

| alt_names = Trump, Triumph, French Ruffruff

'''Triomphe''' (French for triumph), once known as '''French Ruffruff''', is a card game dating from the late 15th century. It most likely originated in France or Spain (as triunfo) and later spread to the rest of Europe. When the game arrived in Italy, it shared a similar name with the pre-existing game and deck known as ''[[Trionfi (cards)|trionfi]]''; probably resulting in the latter becoming renamed as ''Tarocchi'' ([[tarot]]). While trionfi has a fifth suit that acts as permanent [[trump (card games)|trump]]s, triomphe randomly selects one of the existing four suits as trumps. Another common feature of this game is the robbing of the stock. Triomphe became so popular that during the 16th century the earlier game of trionfi was gradually renamed tarocchi, tarot, or tarock.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dummett|first1=Michael|author-link1=Michael Dummett|title=The Game of Tarot|date=1980|publisher=Duckworth|location=London|page=84}}</ref><ref>Vitali, Andrea. [http://www.letarot.it/page.aspx?id=238&lng=eng Triumphs, Trionfini and Trionfetti] at Le Tarot Cultural Association. Retrieved 17 February 2017.</ref> This game is the origin of the English word "trump" and is the ancestor of many [[trick-taking game]]s like [[Euchre]] (via [[Écarté]]) and [[Whist]] (via [[Ruff and Honours]]). The earliest known description of Triomphe was of a [[point-trick game]], perhaps one of the earliest of its type; later, the name was applied to a [[plain-trick game]].

The object of each hand is to capture cards with the most points. Aces are worth four, kings three, queens two, and jacks one; in total there should be 40 points. If a player achieves a slam (winning all the tricks), he will get 80 points. It was thus a [[point-trick game]], probably one of the earliest known.

* Triomphe de Toulouse<!--: "one may not rob in this game"; the partners, sitting side by side may communicate with one another and choose, without speaking, which cards to play.<ref>D.L.M. (1654). La maison des jeux académique. 1st edn. Paris : Robert de Nain and Marin Leché. Picquet, Hoc, Guerre.</ref>-->

* [[Bête|Homme or Bête]]<!--: a real classic, oùFrench ungame, joueurwhere seplayers déclarebid preneurto debe l’atoutthe retournédeclarer, (ilthe fait"Man" «or l’homme''Homme'', »)and etundertake vato affrontermake les3 autrestricks. joueursAny ;other l’unplayer d’euxmay peut"contre" contrer,this s’iland pensedouble quethe legame. preneurThe vadeclarer, perdreon ;winning, sisweeps lethe preneurpool; on perdlosing, il"makes «the bête (''fait la bête », c'est-à-dire qu'il), remeti.e. autantdoubles authe potpool. ;The lesrules règlesare defirst cedescribed jeu nous sont connues parby Daniel Martin, ''Colloques ou devis françois'', Strasbourg, 1626 ; Id., ''Les Colloques françois & allemands'', Strasbourg, 1627, maisbut aussialso in ''La maison academique contenant les jeux'' de 1659 ; la Bête (sousunder cethis nomname) awas connuvery unsuccessful grand succès enin Europe, particulièrementespecially en AllemagneGermany (oùwhere elleit est devenuebecame ''Labetenspiel'', ou ''Kaufflabet'', aussior ''Contraspiel'', lethe jeugame oùwhere l'onone "contre'd".<ref>Le «The "contre" »is estmentioned mentionnéfor pour lathe premièrefirst foistime dansby [[Randle Cotgrave]], ''A dictionarie of the French and English tongues'' (Londres, 1611) : « "Faire. […] Faire le contre. […] ''also, at a card-play to hold, or vndertake, the game, as well as another''. »".</ref>. -->

* [[Homme d'Auvergne]]<!--, prochesimilar de lato Bête (règlesrules aussialso dansin ''La maison academique contenant les jeux'' de 1659).-->

* [[Lenturlu]] or [[Pamphile (card game)|Pamphile]] <!--, unea variantevariant apparuethat auappeared milieuin duthe XVIIe sièclemid-17th century; mêmesame règlesrules queas la triompheTriomphe (cinq cartes à5 chaquecards joueureach), maisbut lethe valet de trèfle{{Clubs}}J (Pamphile) estis lathe cartehighest lacard; plus forte ;a 5-card cartesflush deis mêmea couleur forment un "lenturlu"''Lenturlu'', quiwhich permetearns de récolter desextra points supplémentaires ; commelike à labasic Triomphe ordinaire, lethe preneurmaker doitmust fairetake 3 levéestricks pour gagnerto win; auxin the [[Provinces-UniesDutch Republic]], le jeuthe estgame dewas venucalled ''Lanterluy'', enin [[Grande-BretagneGreat Britain]], ''Lanterloo'', devenuor ''Loo''.; -->in northern Germany, Lenterlu, Lenterspiel or [[Bester Bube]].

* [[Mouche (card game)|Mouche]]<!--, uneTriomphe triomphewith avecstakes misesanted àby chaqueeach donneplayer alimentantto lethe pot (la «the ''mouche »''), quewhich remportethe le gagnantwinner claims; on trouve les règles de la Mouche dansrules l’''Encyclopédie'' ([http://enccre.academie-sciences.fr/encyclopedie/article/v10-2092-10/ voir]) -->

* [[Bourre]]<!-- (à cinq),: quiresembles ressembleMouche beaucoupclosely, à la Mouche,especially surtoutpopular populairein dansthe lescountryside campagnesin authe XIXe19th sièclecentury.-->