2 Samuel 5: Difference between revisions

#REDIRECT{{Short [[Booksdescription|Second Book of Samuel]] chapter}}

'''2 Samuel 5''' is the fifth [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|chapter]] of the the Second Book of Samuel in the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]] or the second part of [[Books of Samuel]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]].{{sfn|Halley|1965|p=184}} According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet [[Samuel]], with additions by the prophets [[Gad (prophet)|Gad]] and [[Nathan (prophet)|Nathan]],<ref name="JewishEncyclopedia">{{cite web |last1=Hirsch |first1=Emil G. |title=SAMUEL, BOOKS OF|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref> but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.{{sfn|Knight|1995|p=62}}{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=197}} This chapter contains the account of [[David]]'s reign in Hebron and Jerusalem.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=216}}{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=450 Hebrew Bible}} This is within a section comprising [[1 Samuel 16]] to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel,{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=207}} and a section comprising [[2 Samuel 2]]–8–[[2 Samuel 8|8]] which deals with the period when David set up his kingdom.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=215}}

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]] (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>^B; 4th century) and [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>^A; 5th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The whole book of 2 Samuel is missing from the extant [[Codex Sinaiticus]].<ref>{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Codex Sinaiticus}}</ref>}}

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The narrative of David's reign in Hebron in [[2 Samuel 1:1–51]]–5:5 has the following structure:{{sfn|Morrison|2013|p=24}}

With Ishbaal's death, David had no more rival for the throne of Israel (verses 1–2).{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}} The "tribes of Israel", noting his ties with the house of Saul, his proven leadership against the Philistines as well as God's promises to make him king, sent the 'elders of Israel' (cf. 'elders of Judah' in 2 Samuel 2:4) to Hebron to make 'a covenant... before the LORD', then anoint David as 'king'.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}}

The next important step was the capture of Jerusalem (verses 6–9), which until then was occupied by the 'Jebusites', who were of Canaanite origin (Genesis 10:16).{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}} The name of Jerusalem is found in Egyptian Execration texts of the 19th and 18th centuries BCE and in the Amarna texts of the 14th century BCE.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}} The Israelites did not capture the city when they conquered Canaan (Joshua 15:63; Judges 1:21), so it became a foreign independent enclave until David captured it.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}} The fortress (or stronghold) is strategically located away from the main north-southnorth–south routes and situated more or less on the border between Judah and the rest of Israel, so it was a wise choice as capital.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}} The Jebusites were so confident that their city could never be taken, so they said to David that even handicapped persons, 'the blind and the lame', would be able to defend it (verse 6). When David conquered the city he used the phrase back to call the defeated defenders 'the lame and the blind' (verse 8).{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}} The attackers went 'up the water shaft' to enter the city (verse 8), that is, the vertical shaft from the city to the [[Spring of Gihon]], then David occupied the fortress on the hill in the south-eastern corner of Jerusalem, also called "Ophel", and renamed it 'the city of David'.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=217}} The account of David capturing of the city has a fitting conclusion in verse 10, which could be intended as the closing statement of the history of David's rise to the throne of Israel.{{sfn|Jones|2007|pp=217–218}}

# Verses 13–16 lists the sons born to David in Jerusalem as a continuation of the list in 2 Samuel 3:2–5.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=218}} The same list, with some variations, is given in 1 Chronicles 3:5–8 and 1 Chronicles 14:5–7.<ref name=ellicott/>

*"[[Nathan (son of David)|Nathan]] and [[Solomon]]": According to The four sons listed here, according to he parallel reading in [[1 Chronicles 3:5]] were born of [[Bathsheba]] (Bath-shua), so in a later period of David’sDavid's reign. Solomon and Nathan are the two sons of David through whom the [[Gospel of Matthew|Gospels of Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] respectively trace the [[genealogy of Jesus Christ]].<ref name=ellicott/>

*{{Cite book| last=Chapman |first= Stephen B. |title= 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary |publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company |year= 2016 |isbn= 978-1467445160 |url= https://wwwbooks.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ }}

*{{Cite book| last=Evans |first= Paul |title= 1-2 Samuel | series = The Story of God Bible Commentary | editor-first= Tremper | editor-last= Longman |publisher= Zondervan Academic |year= 2018 |isbn= 978-0310490944 |url= https://wwwbooks.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ }}