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{{Short description|A red Chinese ceremonial outfit}}{{Infobox clothing type|image_file=Ming dynasty emperor wearing Pibian and Bianfu (皮弁服).jpg|caption=Ming dynasty emperor wearing pibianfu (皮弁服), a set of attire composed of pibian, a type of [[guan (headwear)]], and bianfu (garment)|type=Chinese red-coloured set of ceremonial attire in [[Hanfu]]|location=At least the [[Zhou dynasty]], [[China]]|material=Silk}}{{Infobox Chinese
| c = 弁服
| p = biànfú
}}
'''{{Transliteration|zh|Bianfu}}''' ({{zh|c=弁服|p=biànfú}}) is a historical set of attire in {{Transliteration|zh|[[Hanfu]]}} consisting of a knee-length [[Ru (upper garment)|Chinese upper garment]] known as {{Transliteration|zh|jiangshapao}} ({{Lang-zh|c=绛纱袍}}) over a {{Transliteration|zh|[[qun]]}}, a Chinese skirt, known as {{Transliteration|zh|[[red|hong]][[qun|chang]]}} ({{Lang-zh|l=red [[skirt]]|c=红裳}}) or pair of {{Transliteration|zh|[[ku (trousers)|ku]]}}-[[trousers]]<nowiki/>along with other accessories.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lu |first=Yang |title=Chinese Clothing - Five Thousand Years' History |url=http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/yanglu/ecc_culture_clothing.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=17 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317081322/http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/yanglu/ECC_CULTURE_CLOTHING.HTM }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Dong |first1=Jin |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/828035990 |title=Q ban da Ming yi guan tu zhi |last2=董进. |date=2011 |publisher=Beijing you dian da xue chu ban she |isbn=978-7-5635-2501-0 |edition=Di 1 ban |location=Beijing Shi |oclc=828035990}}</ref> Coupled with the Chinese headwear known as ''{{Transliteration|zh|pibian}}'', the complete set of attire is also referred as '''{{Transliteration|zh|pibianfu}}''' ({{Lang-zh|c=皮弁服}}).<ref name=":1" /> This set of attire was considered to be a [[ceremonial dress]].<ref name=":0" /> In the [[Zhou dynasty]], the {{Transliteration|zh|bianfu}} was only ranked-second after the {{Transliteration|zh|[[mianfu]]}} and it was worn by the emperors when he would work on official business or when he would meet with the court officials.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Feng|first=Ge|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/935642485|title=Traditional Chinese rites and rituals|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|others=Zhengming Du|isbn=978-1-4438-8783-0|location=Newcastle upon Tyne|oclc=935642485}}</ref>
== Construction and design ==
The upper garment known as {{Transliteration|zh|jiangshapao}} ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=绛纱袍|t=絳紗袍}}) which was red in colour<ref name=":1" /> and extended all the way to the knees.<ref name=":0" /> This was typically worn over a red skirt known as {{Transliteration|zh|[[red|hong]][[qun|chang]]}} ({{Lang-zh|l=red [[skirt]]|c=红裳}}) that reached the length of the ankles.<ref name=":0" /> The wearing of a {{Transliteration|zh|[[qun]]}} under an [[Ru (upper garment)|upper garment]] was only worn during formal occasions.<ref name=":0" /> Over the {{Transliteration|zh|hongchang}}, the wearer wore a red coloured {{Transliteration|zh|[[bixi (clothing)|bixi]]}}.<ref name=":1" /> Under the red outer garments, an inner garment known as {{Transliteration|zh|zhongdan}} ({{Lang-zh|c=中单}}) was worn.<ref name=":1" /> A {{Transliteration|zh|yugui}} ({{Lang-zh|c=玉圭|l=[[jade]] tablet}}) would be held in its wearer's hands; it was further accessorized with {{Transliteration|zh|[[yupei]]}} ({{Lang-zh|c=玉佩}}), {{Transliteration|zh|daxiaoshou}} ({{Lang-zh|c=大小绶}}; a ribbon-like accessory), and the belt called {{Transliteration|zh|dadai}} ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=大带|t=大帶}}).<ref name=":1" /> The {{Transliteration|zh|bian}} ({{Lang-zh|c=弁}}), also known as ''{{Transliteration|zh|pibian}}'' ({{Lang-zh|c=皮弁}}), was a cylinder-shaped {{Transliteration|zh|[[guan (headwear)]]}} that completed the outfit.<ref name=":0" /><gallery mode="packed" caption="Composition of pibianfu">
File:Imperial Encyclopaedia - Ceremonial Usages - pic354 - 絳紗袍.svg|{{Transliteration|zh|Jiangshapao}} ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=绛纱袍|t=絳紗袍}})
File:Imperial Encyclopaedia - Ceremonial Usages - pic347 - 皮弁.svg|Pibian (皮弁) according to the Chinese encyclopedia ''[[Gujin Tushu Jicheng]]'', between 1700 and 1725.
File:Imperial Encyclopaedia - Ceremonial Usages - pic351 - 大帶.png|Dadai (大帶)
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[Han Chinese clothing|Hanfu]]
*[[List of Han Chinese clothing|List of Hanfu]]
*[[Mianfu]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Types of Han Chinese clothing}}
[[Category:Chinese traditional clothing]]
{{clothing-stub}}
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