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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Mud carp
| image =Cirrhinus molitorella.jpg
| status = NT
| status_system =
| status_ref = <ref name = IUCN>{{cite
| image_caption =
| taxon = Cirrhinus molitorella
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* ''Labeo stigmapleura'' <small>Fowler, 1937</small>
}}
'''''Cirrhinus molitorella''''' ('''mud carp''' or '''dace''') is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] in the genus ''[[Cirrhinus]]'' found mainly in southern [[China]] and [[Vietnam]].
==History==
The mud carp is a native Asian freshwater fish with a broad distribution from the [[Mekong River]] to the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] deltas, inhabiting lakes, rivers and reservoirs.{{Cn|date=April 2021}}
Mud carp cultivation was introduced to China during the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD) as a substitute for [[common carp]], as the common carp was forbidden to fish due to a ban.<ref name="fao-species-information">{{cite web |last1=Z.|first1=Xinping|title=Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Cirrhinus molitorella.|url=https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/culturedspecies/cirrhinus_molitorella/en|website=FAO Fisheries Division [online]|publisher=FAO Fisheries Division|accessdate=15 September 2022|location=Rome|date=7 April 2006}}</ref> [[Aquaculture in China|Chinese aquaculture]] farmers adapted by raising mud carp, which were bottom feeders, in [[polyculture]] with top-feeding [[grass carp]], while [[silver carp]] or [[bighead carp]] lived and fed in the middle depths.{{sfn|Fagan|2017|loc=[{{GBurl|bUQzDwAAQBAJ|pg=PT287}} Ch. 17]}}
==Habitat==
Mud carp is typically a subtropical fish.{{sfn|FAO|1983|p=[{{GBurl|f5hQjhu07r0C|p=15}} 15]}} The mud carp is found in the mud and [[Mekong River]] and [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] delta, as well as bodies of freshwater along these two rivers.{{Cn|date=April 2021}} In China's [[Guangdong]] [[province]] and [[Guangxi]] [[autonomous region]], mud carp makes up about 30% of the freshwater fish population.{{sfn|Rath|2011|p=[{{GBurl|Q8k4DwAAQBAJ|p=22}} 22]}}
The fish has been introduced to [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Hong Kong]].<ref
Within China the fish is raised on fish farms.{{Cn|date=April 2021}}▼
▲The fish has been introduced to [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Hong Kong]].<ref>http://www.thefishsite.com/articles/809/cultured-aquatic-species-mud-carp</ref>
▲Within China the fish is raised on fish farms.
== Dispersion ==
The mud carp is native to [[Southern China]] and parts of [[Mainland Southeast Asia]]. It is present in major river systems such as the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]], [[Red River (Asia)|Red River]] (China/Vietnam), [[Mekong River]], and [[Chao Phraya River]].<ref name="fao-species-information"/>
==Diet==
Mud carp is an omnivore and mainly consumes water plants or insects. Farm raised carp are fed pellets.{{Cn|date=April 2021}}
==
Due to low cost of production, the fish is mainly consumed by the poor and locally consumed; it is mostly sold live and eaten fresh, but can be dried and salted.<ref
The fish is sometimes canned (typically as [[fried dace with salted black beans]]) or processed as fish cakes, fish balls <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clovegarden.com/ingred/sf_carpz.html|title=Carp Family|website=Clovegarden}}</ref> or dumplings. They can be found for retail sale within China and throughout the [[Overseas_Chinese|Chinese diaspora]].<ref name="fao-species-information"/> Canned dace from China has periodically been found to carry traces of [[malachite green]], a carcinogenic antimicrobial banned for use in food.<ref name=FDA-IA16-131>{{cite web|title=Detention Without Physical Examination of Aquacultured, Shrimp, Dace, and Eel from China-Presence of New Animal Drugs and/or Unsafe Food Additives|publisher=United States FDA|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/CMS_IA/importalert_33.html|date=2020-09-30|accessdate=2020-11-10}}</ref><ref name=2015-malachite>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=CFS finds traces of malachite green in two tinned fried dace samples |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201508/29/P201508290843.htm|location=Hong Kong |agency= Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety|date=2015-08-29|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref><ref name=2019-malachite>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=CFS finds traces of malachite green in canned fried dace sample |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201909/19/P2019091900555.htm|location=Hong Kong |agency= Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety|date=2019-09-19|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref>
==See also==
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== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Fishbase|Cirrhinus|molitorella}}▼
== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=Freshwater aquaculture |url={{GBurl|Q8k4DwAAQBAJ}} |edition=3rd revised and enlarged |first=Rajendra Kumar |last=Rath |year=2011 |oclc=1138534747 |isbn=978-81-7233-694-3 |publisher=Scientific Publishers (India)}}
* {{cite tech report |ref={{harvid|FAO|1983}} |title=Freshwater aquaculture development in China |url={{GBurl|f5hQjhu07r0C}} |date=22 April – 20 May 1980 |publication-date=1983 |series=FAO Fisheries Technical Paper |volume=215 |oclc=10455698 |isbn=92-5-101113-3}}
* {{cite book |title=Fishing: How the sea fed civilization |url={{GBurl|bUQzDwAAQBAJ}} |year=2017 |first=Brian |last=Fagan |oclc=978291325 |isbn=978-0-300-21534-2 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]]}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Cirrhinus_molitorella/en FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Cirrhinus molitorella]
{{carp|state=expanded}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q139513}}
[[Category:Carp]]
[[Category:Cirrhinus|molitorella]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of China]]
[[Category:Fish of East Asia]]
[[Category:Fish of Thailand]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Fish described in 1844]]
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