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== History ==
The "junior high school" concept was introduced in 1909. In the late 19th century and early 20th century most American elementary schools had grades 1 through 8. As time passed, until the 1940s, junior high schools increased quickly.<ref>Wiles, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ovDM0whNv3cC
By 2007, in some communities, schools in areas where academic performance at the middle school level was low were converting back to the K–8 model in an attempt to increase academic performance.<ref name=RadcliffeK8 /> By 2008, many urban school systems converted middle schools to K–8 schools. Districts moving to K–8 schools included the [[Baltimore City Public School System]], [[Cincinnati Public Schools]], and the [[School District of Philadelphia]].<ref name=Bloom>Bloom, Alex. "[http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/local/articles/2008/12/28/20081228edmiddleschool1228.html?nclick_check=1 K–8 or middle school? Which is better?]." ''[[The Arizona Republic]]''. December 28, 2008. Retrieved on November 24, 2013.</ref> Jennifer Radcliffe of the ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' said that teachers said that the scenario that "students aren't tripped up during the disruptive year that they transition to middle school" was "[o]ne of the biggest perks" of the conversion to K–8 schools.<ref name=RadcliffeK8 /> Radcliffe said that experts told her that "By staying on the same campus, kids can focus on academics, rather than being forced to re-establish themselves socially. Teachers are able to establish solid relationships with families. As a result, parents are more apt to stay involved with the campus through the middle school years".<ref name=RadcliffeK8 /> Radcliffe added that compared to traditional middle schools, a K-8 has a reduced capacity in offering athletics and elective classes.<ref name=RadcliffeK8 />
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