Kannada/Printable version


Kannada

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Introduction

Kannada language is spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka.

 
Map of areas where Kannada is spoken.

Native speakers of Kannada are called Kannadigas and number roughly 38 million. It is one of the 40 most spoken languages in the world. It is one of the scheduled languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka. The Kannada language is written using the Kannada script. Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia, and literary Old Kannada flourished in the 6th century Ganga dynasty and during 9th century Rashtrakuta Dynasty. With an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years, the excellence of Kannada literature continues to the present day. Works of Kannada literature have received eight Jnanpith awards and fifty-six Sahitya Akademi awards. Based on the recommendations of the Committee of Linguistic Experts, appointed by the Ministry of Culture, the Government of India officially recognised Kannada as a classical language. In July 2011, a centre for the study of classical Kannada was established under the aegis of Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) at Mysore to facilitate research related to the language.

Influence of Sanskrit and Prakrit

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The sources of influence on Kannada grammar appear to be three-fold; Panini's grammar, non-Paninian schools of Sanskrit grammar, particularly Katantra and Sakatayana schools, and Prakrit grammar. Literary Prakrit seemed to have prevailed in Karnataka since ancient times. The vernacular Prakrit speaking people, may have come in contact with the Kannada speakers, thus influencing their language, even before Kannada was used for administrative or liturgical purpose. Kannada phonetics, morphology, vocabulary, grammar, and syntax show significant Sanskrit and Prakrit influence.

Some examples of naturalised (tatbhava) words of Prakrit origin in Kannada are baṇṇa derived from vaṇṇa, arasu (king), and from Sanskrit, varṇa (color), hunnime (new moon) from puṇṇivā, paurṇimā (full moon), and rāya from rāja (king). Kannada has numerous borrowed (tatsama) words such as dina, kopa, surya, mukha, nimiṣa, anna.

Literature

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Old Kannada

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The oldest existing record of Kannada poetry in tripadi metre is the Kappe Arabhatta record of 700 AD. Kavirajamarga by King Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I (850 AD) is the earliest existing literary work in Kannada. It is a writing on literary criticism and poetics meant to standardize various written Kannada dialects used in literature in previous centuries. The book makes reference to Kannada works by early writers such as King Durvinita of the 6th century and Ravikirti, the author of the Aihole record of 636 AD. Since the earliest available Kannada work is one on grammar and a guide of sorts to unify existing variants of Kannada grammar and literary styles, it can be safely assumed that literature in Kannada must have started several centuries earlier. An early Extant literature|extant prose work, the Vaddaradhane by Shivakotiacharya of 900 AD provides an elaborate description of the life of Bhadrabahu of Shravanabelagola. Kannada works from earlier centuries mentioned in the Kavirajamarga are not yet traced. Some ancient texts now considered extinct but referenced in later centuries are Prabhrita (650 AD) by Syamakundacharya, Chudamani (Crest Jewel—650 AD) by Srivaradhadeva, also known as Tumbuluracharya, which is a work of 96,000 verse-measures and a commentary on logic (Tatwartha-mahashastra). The Karnateshwara Katha, a eulogy for King Pulakesi II, is said to have belonged to the 7th century; the Gajastaka, a work on elephant management by King Shivamara II, belonged to the 8th century, and the Chandraprabha-purana by Sri Vijaya, a court poet of King Amoghavarsha I, is ascribed to the early 9th century. Tamil Buddhist commentators of the 10th century AD (in the commentary on Nemrinatham, a Tamil grammatical work) make references that show that Kannada literature must have flourished as early as the 4th century AD. The late classical period gave birth to several genres of Kannada literature, with new forms of composition coming into use, including Ragale (a form of blank verse) and meters like Sangatya and Shatpadi. The works of this period are based on Jainism|Jain and Hinduism|Hindu principles. Two of the early writers of this period are Harihara (poet)|Harihara and Raghavanka, trailblazers in their own right. Harihara established the Ragale form of composition while Raghavanka popularized the Shatpadi (six-lined stanza) meter. The Vachana|Vachana Sahitya tradition of the 12th century is purely native and unique in world literature, and the sum of contributions by all sections of society. Vachanas were pithy poems on that period's social, religious and economic conditions. More importantly, they held a mirror to the seed of social revolution, which caused a radical re-examination of the ideas of caste, creed and religion. Some of the important writers of Vachana literature include Basavanna, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi.

Middle Kannada

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During the period between the 15th and 18th centuries, Hinduism had a great influence on Middle Kannada (Nadugannada) language and literature. Kumara Vyasa, who wrote the Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari, was arguably the most influential Kannada writer of this period. His work, entirely composed in the native Bhamini Shatpadi (hexa-meter), is a sublime adaptation of the first ten books of the Mahabharata. During this period, the Sanskritic influence is present in most abstract, religious, scientific and rhetorical terms. During this period, several Hindi and Marathi words came into Kannada, chiefly relating to feudalism and militia.

Hindu saints of the Vaishnava sect such as Kanakadasa, Purandaradasa, Naraharitirtha, Vyasatirtha, Sripadaraya, Vadirajatirtha, Vijaya Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa, Prasanna Venkatadasa produced devotional poems in this period. Kanakadasa's Ramadhanya Charite is a rare work, concerning with the issue of class struggle. This period saw the advent of Haridasa Sahitya (lit Dasa literature) which made rich contributions to bhakti literature and sowed the seeds of Carnatic music. Purandara Dasa is widely considered the Father of Carnatic music.

The Kannada works produced from the 19th century make a gradual transition and are classified as Hosagannada or Modern Kannada. Most notable among the modernists was the poet Nandalike Muddana whose writing may be described as the "Dawn of Modern Kannada", though generally, linguists treat Indira Bai or Saddharma Vijayavu by Gulvadi Venkata Raya as the first literary works in Modern Kannada. The first modern movable type printing of "Canarese" appears to be the Canarese Grammar of William Carey (missionary)|Carey printed at Serampore in 1817, and the "Bible translations into Kannada|Bible in Canarese" of John Hands in 1820. The first novel printed was John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, along with other texts including Canarese Proverbs, The History of Little Henry and his Bearer by Mary Martha Sherwood, Christian Gottlob Barth's Bible Stories and "a Canarese hymn book.” Modern Kannada in the 20th century has been influenced by many movements, notably Navodaya, Navya, Navyottara, Dalita and Bandaya. Contemporary Kannada literature has been highly successful in reaching people of all classes in society. Works of Kannada literature have received eight Jnanpith|Jnanpith awards and fifty six Sahitya Academy awards.

Dialects

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An example of spoken Kannada.

There is also a considerable difference between the spoken and written forms of the language. Spoken Kannada tends to vary from region to region. The written form is more or less consistent throughout Karnataka. The Ethnologue reports "about 20 dialects" of Kannada. Among them are Kundagannada (spoken exclusively in Kundapura), Nadavar-Kannada (spoken by Nadavaru), Havigannada (spoken mainly by Havyaka Brahmins), Are Bhashe (spoken by Gowda community mainly in the Sullia region of Dakshina Kannada), Soliga, Gulbarga Kannada, Dharawad Kannada etc. All of these dialects are influenced by their regional and cultural background Ethnologue also classifies a group of four languages related to Kannada, which are, besides Kannada proper, Badaga language|Badaga, Holiya and Urali.

Geographic distribution

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Kannada is mainly spoken in Karnataka in India, and to a good extent in the border areas of neighbouring states Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa, as well as in sizeable communities in the USA, Europe, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Middle Eastern countries, Canada, Malaysia, Australia, the UK, and Singapore.

Official status

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Kannada is one of the 23 official languages of India and is an administrative language of the State of Karnataka. It is also one of the six classical languages of India.

Writing system

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The language uses forty-nine phonemic letters, divided into three groups: swaragalu (vowels – thirteen letters); vyanjanagalu (consonants – thirty-four letters); and yogavaahakagalu (neither vowel nor consonant – two letters: the anusvara and the visarga ), The character set is almost identical to that of other Languages of India|Indian languages. The script itself, derived from Brahmi script, is fairly complicated like most other languages of India owing to the occurrence of various combinations of "half-letters" (glyphs), or symbols that attach to various letters in a manner similar to diacritical marks in the Romance languages. The Kannada script is almost perfectly phonetic, but for the sound of a "half n" (which becomes a half m). The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the forty-nine characters in the alphabet, because different characters can be combined to form compound characters (ottakshara). Each written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds with one syllable, as opposed to one phoneme in languages like English. The Kannada script is syllabic.

Obsolete Kannada letters

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Kannada literary works employed the letters (transliterated 'rh') and (transliterated 'ḻ', 'lh' or 'zh'), whose manner of articulation most plausibly could be akin to those in present-day Malayalam and Tamil language|Tamil. The letters dropped out of use in the 12th and 18th centuries, respectively. Later Kannada works replaced 'rh' and 'lh' with (ra) and (la) respectively. Another letter (or unclassified vyanjana (consonant)) that has become extinct is 'nh' or 'inn'. (Likewise, this has its equivalent in Malayalam and Tamil.) The usage of this consonant was observed until the 1980s in Kannada works from the mostly coastal areas of Karnataka (especially the Dakshina Kannada district). Now hardly any mainstream works use this consonant. This letter has been replaced by ನ್ (consonant n).

Kannada script evolution

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The image below shows the evolution of Kannada script from prehistoric times to modern period. The Kannada script evolved in stages like:

Proto Kannada -> Pre-Old Kannada -> Old Kannada -> Modern Kannada.

The ProtoKannada script has its root in ancient Brahmi and evolved around c.3rd century BCE. The Pre-Old Kannada script evolved around c.4th century CE. Old Kannada script can be traced to c.10th Century CE. while Modern Kannada script came around c.17th Century CE.

Grammar

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The canonical word order of Kannada is SOV(subject–object–verb) as is the case with Dravidian languages.Kannada is a highly inflected language with three Grammatical gender|genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter or common) and two numbers (singular and plural). It is inflected for gender, number and tense, among other things. The first authoritative known book on Kannada grammar is Shabdhamanidarpana by Keshiraaja. The first available Kannada book is a treatise on poetry: Kavirajamarga. The most influential account of Kannada grammar is Keshiraja's Shabdamanidarpana (c. 1260 CE). The earlier grammatical works include portions of Kavirajamarga (a treatise on alańkāra) of the 9th century, and Kavyavalokana and Karnatakabhashabhushana (both authored by Nagavarma II in the first half of the 12th century).

Compound bases

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Compound bases, called samāsa in Kannada, are a set of two or more words compounded together. There are several types of compound bases, based on the rules followed for compounding Examples: tangaaLi, hemmara, immadi.

Gender

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According to Keshiraja's Shabdamanidarpana, there are nine gender forms in Kannada. However, in modern Kannada literature only three gender forms are used in practice: masculine, feminine, and neutral.

Masculine Pullinga

Words that denote male persons are considered to have masculine gender.

  • Examples: Shiva, Bhima, Rama, arasa 'king'
Feminine Stree linga

Words that denote female persons are considered to have feminine gender.

  • Examples: Parvati, Lakshmi, Saraswati, amma 'mother'
Neuter Napunsaka

Nouns that do not belong to either of the above two classes are considered to have neuter gender.


Alphabet

Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) is written with the Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ). It is an abugida of the Brahmic family. The Kannada and Telugu alphabets are essentially regional calligraphic variants of a single script. The form of Kannada was strongly influenced by stone carving, and therefore most of the characters are round with straight strokes/wedges. This script is also used to write the Telugu language, Tulu Language, Banada Language,onkani by the Konkani diaspora in coastal Karnataka. what is called for kagunita in English.

General

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Kannada script has forty-nine characters in its alphasyllabary and is phonemic. The Kannada character set is almost identical to that of other Languages of India|Indian languages. The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the 49 characters in the alphasyllabary, because different characters can be combined to form compound characters (ottaksharas). Each written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds with one syllable, as opposed to one phoneme in languages like English language|English. The Kannada writing system is an abugida, with consonants appearing with an inherent vowel.

The characters are classified into three categories: swaras (vowels), vyanjanas (consonants) and Yogavaahakas (part vowel, part consonants).

The name given for a pure, true letter is akshara, akkara or varna. Each letter has its own form (ākāra) and sound (shabda); providing the visible and audible representations, respectively. Kannada is written from left to right.Kannada alphabet (aksharamale or varnamale) now consists of 49 letters.

Each sound has its own distinct letter, and therefore every word is pronounced exactly as it is spelt; so the ear is a sufficient guide. After the exact sounds of the letters have been once gained, every word can be pronounced with perfect accuracy. The accent falls on the first syllable.

Vowels

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There are fourteen vowels (swaras).

Kannada ISO notation IPA Notation Unicode name
a a KANNADA LETTER A
ā a: KANNADA LETTER AA
e e KANNADA LETTER E
e e: KANNADA LETTER EE
u u KANNADA LETTER U
ū u: KANNADA LETTER UU
ru KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC Ru
r̥̄ ru: KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC Ruu[1]
i i KANNADA LETTER AE
ii i: KANNADA LETTER AEE
ai ai KANNADA LETTER AI
o o KANNADA LETTER O
ō o: KANNADA LETTER OO
au au KANNADA LETTER AU

Yogavaahaka's

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The Yogavaahaka's (part-vowel, part consonant) include two letters:

  1. The anusvara: ಅಂ (am)
  2. The visarga: ಅಃ (aha)

Consonants

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Two types of consonants are identified in Kannada: the structured consonants and the unstructured consonants. The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into five structured groups.

Structured consonants

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These consonants are shown here with the IAST symbols and the unicode name following.

voiceless aspirate voiced aspirate nasal
Velars (ka) (kha) (ga) (gha) (nga)
Palatals (cha) (chha) (ja) (jha) (nya)
Retroflex (tta) (ttha) (dda) (ddha) (nna)
Dentals (ta) (tha) (da) (dha) (na)
Labials (pa) (pha) (ba) (bha) (ma)

See place of articulation for more information on tongue positions.

Unstructured consonants

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The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into any of the above structures:

(ya), (ra), (ṟ) (obsolete), (la), (va), (sha), (ssa), (sa), (ha), (lla), (ll) (obsolete).

Numerals

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The decimal numerals in the script are:

Kannada Arabic numerals
sonne 0 Zero
ondu 1 One
eraḍu 2 Two
mūru 3 Three
nālku 4 Four
aidu 5 Five
āru 6 Six
ēḷu 7 Seven
enṭu 8 Eight
oṃbattu 9 Nine

Akshara

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Written Kannada is composed of akshara or kagunita, corresponding to syllables. The signs for consonants may combine with the signs for vowels to form Typographic ligature|ligatures. Each kagunita corresponds to a syllable. In the table below the top row lists the vowels, and the leftmost column from row 2 down the consonants (actually represented by kagunita, namely that obtained by combining each consonant with the "neutral" vowel 'a'). The remaining cells contain the corresponding kagunita obtained by combining the consonant of that row with the vowel of that column.

Formation example:

consonant(IPA) vowels sign(Vowel, IPA) Kagunita IPA
ದ್ (p) (ಅ, a) da
ದ್ (ಆ, aː) ದಾ da:
ದ್ ಿ(ಇ, i) ದಿ di
ದ್ (ಈ, iː) ದೀ di:
ದ್ (ಉ, u) ದು du
ದ್ (ಊ, uː) ದೂ du:
ದ್ (ಋ, r<) ದೃ dr<
ದ್ (ಎ, e) ದೆ de
ದ್ (ಏ, e:) ದೇ de:
ದ್ (ಐ, ai) ದೈ dai
ದ್ (ಒ, o) ದೊ do
ದ್ (ಓ, o:) ದೋ do:
ದ್ (ಔ, au) ದೌ dau
ದ್ (ಅಂ, aṃ) ದಂ daṃ
ದ್ (ಅಃ, aḥ) ದ: daḥ
ಅಂ ಅಃ (no vowel)
ಕಾ ಕಿ ಕೀ ಕು ಕೂ ಕೃ ಕೆ ಕೇ ಕೈ ಕೊ ಕೋ ಕೌ ಕಂ ಕಃ ಕ್
ಖಾ ಖಿ ಖೀ ಖು ಖೂ ಖೃ ಖೆ ಖೇ ಖೈ ಖೊ ಖೋ ಖೌ ಖಂ ಖಃ ಖ್
ಗಾ ಗಿ ಗೀ ಗು ಗೂ ಗೃ ಗೆ ಗೇ ಗೈ ಗೊ ಗೋ ಗೌ ಗಂ ಗಃ ಗ್
ಘಾ ಘಿ ಘೀ ಘು ಘೂ ಘೃ ಘೆ ಘೇ ಘೈ ಘೊ ಘೋ ಘೌ ಘಂ ಘಃ ಘ್
ಙಾ ಙಿ ಙೀ ಙು ಙೂ ಙೃ ಙೆ ಙೇ ಙೈ ಙೊ ಙೋ ಙೌ ಙಂ ಙಃ ಙ್
ಚಾ ಚಿ ಚೀ ಚು ಚೂ ಚೃ ಚೆ ಚೇ ಚೈ ಚೊ ಚೋ ಚೌ ಚಂ ಚಃ ಚ್
ಛಾ ಛಿ ಛೀ ಛು ಛೂ ಛೃ ಛೆ ಛೇ ಛೈ ಛೊ ಛೋ ಛೌ ಛಂ ಛಃ ಛ್
ಜಾ ಜಿ ಜೀ ಜು ಜೂ ಜೃ ಜೆ ಜೇ ಜೈ ಜೊ ಜೋ ಜೌ ಜಂ ಜಃ ಜ್
ಝಾ ಝಿ ಝೀ ಝು ಝೂ ಝೃ ಝೆ ಝೇ ಝೈ ಝೊ ಝೋ ಝೌ ಝಂ ಝಃ ಝ್
ಞಾ ಞಿ ಞೀ ಞು ಞೂ ಞೃ ಞೆ ಞೇ ಞೈ ಞೊ ಞೋ ಞೌ ಞಂ ಞಃ ಞ್
ಟಾ ಟಿ ಟೀ ಟು ಟೂ ಟೃ ಟೆ ಟೇ ಟೈ ಟೊ ಟೋ ಟೌ ಟಂ ಟಃ ಟ್
ಠಾ ಠಿ ಠೀ ಠು ಠೂ ಠೃ ಠೆ ಠೇ ಠೈ ಠೊ ಠೋ ಠೌ ಠಂ ಠಃ ಠ್
ಡಾ ಡಿ ಡೀ ಡು ಡೂ ಡೃ ಡೆ ಡೇ ಡೈ ಡೊ ಡೋ ಡೌ ಡಂ ಡಃ ಡ್
ಢಾ ಢಿ ಢೀ ಢು ಢೂ ಢೃ ಢೆ ಢೇ ಢೈ ಢೊ ಢೋ ಢೌ ಢಂ ಢಃ ಢ್
ಣಾ ಣಿ ಣೀ ಣು ಣೂ ಣೃ ಣೆ ಣೇ ಣೈ ಣೊ ಣೋ ಣೌ ಣಂ ಣಃ ಣ್
ತಾ ತಿ ತೀ ತು ತೂ ತೃ ತೆ ತೇ ತೈ ತೊ ತೋ ತೌ ತಂ ತಃ ತ್
ಥಾ ಥಿ ಥೀ ಥು ಥೂ ಥೃ ಥೆ ಥೇ ಥೈ ಥೊ ಥೋ ಥೌ ಥಂ ಥಃ ಥ್
ದಾ ದಿ ದೀ ದು ದೂ ದೃ ದೆ ದೇ ದೈ ದೊ ದೋ ದೌ ದಂ ದಃ ದ್
ಧಾ ಧಿ ಧೀ ಧು ಧೂ ಧೃ ಧೆ ಧೇ ಧೈ ಧೊ ಧೋ ಧೌ ಧಂ ಧಃ ಧ್
ನಾ ನಿ ನೀ ನು ನೂ ನೃ ನೆ ನೇ ನೈ ನೊ ನೋ ನೌ ನಂ ನಃ ನ್
ಪಾ ಪಿ ಪೀ ಪು ಪೂ ಪೃ ಪೆ ಪೇ ಪೈ ಪೊ ಪೋ ಪೌ ಪಂ ಪಃ ಪ್
ಫಾ ಫಿ ಫೀ ಫು ಫೂ ಫೃ ಫೆ ಫೇ ಫೈ ಫೊ ಫೋ ಫೌ ಫಂ ಫಃ ಫ್
ಬಾ ಬಿ ಬೀ ಬು ಬೂ ಬೃ ಬೆ ಬೇ ಬೈ ಬೊ ಬೋ ಬೌ ಬಂ ಬಃ ಬ್
ಭಾ ಭಿ ಭೀ ಭು ಭೂ ಭೃ ಭೆ ಭೇ ಭೈ ಭೊ ಭೋ ಭೌ ಭಂ ಭಃ ಭ್
ಮಾ ಮಿ ಮೀ ಮು ಮೂ ಮೃ ಮೆ ಮೇ ಮೈ ಮೊ ಮೋ ಮೌ ಮಂ ಮಃ ಮ್
ಯಾ ಯಿ ಯೀ ಯು ಯೂ ಯೃ ಯೆ ಯೇ ಯೈ ಯೊ ಯೋ ಯೌ ಯಂ ಯಃ ಯ್
ರಾ ರಿ ರೀ ರು ರೂ ರೃ ರೆ ರೇ ರೈ ರೊ ರೋ ರೌ ರಂ ರಃ ರ್
ಱಾ ಱಿ ಱೀ ಱು ಱೂ ಱೃ ಱೆ ಱೇ ಱೈ ಱೊ ಱೋ ಱೌ ಱಂ ಱಃ ಱ್
ಲಾ ಲಿ ಲೀ ಲು ಲೂ ಲೃ ಲೆ ಲೇ ಲೈ ಲೊ ಲೋ ಲೌ ಲಂ ಲಃ ಲ್
ವಾ ವಿ ವೀ ವು ವೂ ವೃ ವೆ ವೇ ವೈ ವೊ ವೋ ವೌ ವಂ ವಃ ವ್
ಶಾ ಶಿ ಶೀ ಶು ಶೂ ಶೃ ಶೆ ಶೇ ಶೈ ಶೊ ಶೋ ಶೌ ಶಂ ಶಃ ಶ್
ಷಾ ಷಿ ಷೀ ಷು ಷೂ ಷೃ ಷೆ ಷೇ ಷೈ ಷೊ ಷೋ ಷೌ ಷಂ ಷಃ ಷ್
ಸಾ ಸಿ ಸೀ ಸು ಸೂ ಸೃ ಸೆ ಸೇ ಸೈ ಸೊ ಸೋ ಸೌ ಸಂ ಸಃ ಸ್
ಹಾ ಹಿ ಹೀ ಹು ಹೂ ಹೃ ಹೆ ಹೇ ಹೈ ಹೊ ಹೋ ಹೌ ಹಂ ಹಃ ಹ್
ಳಾ ಳಿ ಳೀ ಳು ಳೂ ಳೃ ಳೆ ಳೇ ಳೈ ಳೊ ಳೋ ಳೌ ಳಂ ಳಃ ಳ್
ೞಾ ೞಿ ೞೀ ೞು ೞೂ ೞೃ ೞೆ ೞೇ ೞೈ ೞೊ ೞೋ ೞೌ ೞಂ ೞಃ ೞ್


Greetings

Kannada Transliteration English
ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ, ಹೇಗಿದ್ದೀರಾ? Namaskara, hegiddeera? Hi/Hello, how are you?
ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ, ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿದ್ದೀರಾ? Namaskara, chennagiddeera? Hi, are you keeping well?
ಶುಭ ಮುಂಜಾನೆ/ಶುಭೋದಯ Shubha munjaane/shubhodaya Good morning
ಶುಭ ರಾತ್ರಿ Shubha raathri Good night


Talking about oneself

Kannada English Transliteration English Translation
ನನ್ನ ಹೆಸರು ಮಾಯ. Nanna hesaru Maya. My name is Maya.
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಹೆಸರು ಏನು? Nimma hesaru yenu? What is your name? (formal/plural)
ನಿನ್ನ ಹೆಸರು ಏನು? Ninna hesaru yenu? What is your name? (informal/singular)
ನನ್ನ ಊರು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು. Nanna Ooru Bengaluru. My native place is Bangalore. (More commonly worded as "I am from Bangalore.")


Questions

Kannada Transliteration English
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಹೆಸರೇನು? Nimma Hesarenu? What's your name?
ಹೇಗಿದ್ದೀರಾ? Hegiddira? How are you?
ಏನು ಮಾಡುತಿದ್ದೀರಾ? Yenu Maaduthiddira? What are you doing?


Food and Drink

ಆಹಾರ/Food

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Kannada Transliteration English
ಬೆಳಗ್ಗಿನ ಉಪಹಾರ Belaggina Upahara Morning Tiffin
ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ ಮತ್ತು ಚಟ್ನಿ/ಸಾಂಬಾರ್ Masale Dose matthu chatni/sambar Masala Dosa and chutney/sambar
ಚಪಾತಿ ಮತ್ತು ಚಟ್ನಿ/ಸಾಂಬಾರ್ Chapathi matthu chatni Chapathi and chutney
ಪೂರಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಗೂ/ಚಟ್ನಿ Poori matthu saagoo/chatni Poori and saagoo/chutney
ಇಡ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಚಟ್ನಿ/ಸಾಂಬಾರ್ Edli matthu chatni/sambar Idli and chutney/sambar
ಉದ್ದಿನ ವಡೆ ಮತ್ತು ಚಟ್ನಿ/ಸಾಂಬಾರ್ Uddina vade matthu chatni/sambar Uddina vade and chutney/sambar
ಪಲಾವ್ Palav Pulav
ಚಿತ್ರಾನ್ನ Chitranna Lemon Rice
ಉಪ್ಪಿಟ್ಟು Uppittu Upma
ಬಿಸಿಬೇಳೆಬಾತ್ Bisibelebath Bisibelebath
ಶಾವಿಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಚಟ್ನಿ Shaavige matthu chutney Noodles and chutney
ಗಂಜಿ Ganji Ganji
ಖಾರ ಬಾತ್ Khara bath Khara bath
ಚೌಚೌಬಾತ್ Chou chou bath Chow chow bath
ಮಧ್ಯಾನ್ಹದ ಭೋಜನ Madhyanada Bhojana Afternoon Meals
ಅನ್ನ ಹುಳಿ Anna Huli Rice and Sambar
ರಾಗಿ ಮುದ್ದೆ Raagi Mudde Raagi Balls
ಅನ್ನ ತಂಬುಳಿ Anna Thambuli Rice Thambuli
ಗಂಜಿ Ganji Ganji
ಪಲಾವ್ Palav Pulav


ಪಾನೀಯಗಳು /Drinks

edit
Kannada Transliteration English
ಆಪಲ್ ಶರಬತ್ತು Apple Sharabatthu Apple juice
ನಿಂಬೆಹಣ್ಣು ಶರಬತ್ತು Nimbehannu Sharabatthu Lemon juice
ಮಾವಿನಹಣ್ಣು ಶರಬತ್ತು Maavinahannu Sharabatthu Mango juice
ಕಲ್ಲಂಗಡಿ ಶರಬತ್ತು Kallangadi Sharabatthu Watermelon juice
ಅನಾನಸ್ ಶರಬತ್ತು Ananas Sharabatthu Pineapple juice
ಕಸ್ತೂರಿ ಶರಬತ್ತು Kasthuri Sharabatthu Muskmelon juice
ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ ಶರಬತ್ತು Drakshi Sharabatthu Grape juice
ಮೂಸಂಬಿ ಶರಬತ್ತು Moosambi Sharabatthu Sweet lime juice
ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ ಶರಬತ್ತು Kittale Sharabatthu Orange juice
ಬೆಣ್ಣೆ ಹಣ್ಣು ಶರಬತ್ತು Benne Hannu Sharabatthu Butterfruit juice


Numbers

Kannada numbers

edit
English Transliteration in Kannada
(Short scale Western) symbol sankhye (galu) Numbers in Kannada
Zero 0 sonne ಸೊನ್ನೆ
One 1 ondu ಒಂದು
Two 2 yeradu ಎರಡು
Three 3 mooru ಮೂರು
Four 4 naalku ನಾಲ್ಕು
Five 5 aidu ಐದು
Six 6 aaru ಆರು
Seven 7 aelu ಏಳು
Eight 8 entu ಎಂಟು
Nine 9 ombatthu ಒಂಬತ್ತು
Ten 10 hatthu ಹತ್ತು ೧೦
Eleven 11 hannondu ಹನ್ನೊಂದು ೧೧
Twelve 12 hanneradu ಹನ್ನೆರಡು ೧೨
Thirteen 13 hadimooru ಹದಿಮೂರು ೧೩
Fourteen 14 hadinalku ಹದಿನಾಲ್ಕು ೧೪
Fifteen 15 hadinaidu ಹದಿನೈದು ೧೫
Sixteen 16 hadinaaru ಹದಿನಾರು ೧೬
Seventeen 17 hadinelu ಹದಿನೇಳು ೧೭
Eighteen 18 hadinentu ಹದಿನೆಂಟು ೧೮
Nineteen 19 hathombattu ಹತ್ತೊಂಬತ್ತು ೧೯
Twenty 20 ippatthu ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು ೨೦
Twenty-One 21 ippattondu ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೊಂದು ೨೧
Thirty 30 moovatthu ಮೂವತ್ತು ೩೦
Forty 40 nalavatthu ನಲವತ್ತು ೪೦
Fifty 50 aivatthu ಐವತ್ತು ೫೦
Sixty 60 aravatthu ಅರವತ್ತು ೬೦
Seventy 70 yepatthu ಎಪ್ಪತ್ತು ೭೦
Eighty 80 embatthu ಎಂಬತ್ತು ೮೦
Ninety 90 thombatthu ತೊಂಬತ್ತು ೯೦
Hundred 100 nooru ನೂರು ೧೦೦
Thousand 1000 saavira ಸಾವಿರ ೧,೦೦೦
Ten Thousand 10000 hatthu saavira ಹತ್ತುಸಾವಿರ ೧೦,೦೦೦
Lakh 100000 laksha ಲಕ್ಷ ೧,೦೦,೦೦೦
Ten Lakh 1000000 hattulaksha ಹತ್ತುಲಕ್ಷ ೧೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
Crore 10000000 koti ಕೋಟಿ ೧,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
Ten Crore 100000000 dhashkoti ಹತ್ತುಕೋಟಿ ೧೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
One Billion 1000000000 abja(shatkoti,mahaburdh) ಅಬ್ಜ(ಶತಕೋಟಿ,ಮಹರ್ಬುಧ) ೧,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
Ten Billion 10000000000 kharwa ಖರ್ವ ೧೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
One hundred billion 100000000000 nikharwa(Akshit) ನಿಖರ್ವ(ಅಕ್ಷಿತ) ೧,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
One trillion 1000000000000 Mahapadma ಮಹಾಪದ್ಮ ೧೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
Ten trillion 10000000000000 shankhu ಶ೦ಖು ೧,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
One hundred trillion 100000000000000 Jaladhi ಜಲಧಿ ೧೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
One quadrillion 1000000000000000 anthia ಅ೦ತ್ಯ ೧,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
Ten quadrillion 10000000000000000 madhya ಮಧ್ಯ ೧೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
One hundred quadrillion 100000000000000000 Padhe(mahā-śaṅku) ಪ್ರಧೆ(ಮಹಾ ಶ೦ಖು) ೧,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦,೦೦೦
Ten sextillion 1022 vṛnda ವ್ರ್ನದಾ ೧೦22
One octillion 1027 mahā vṛnda ಮಹಾವ್ರ್ನದಾ ೧೦27
Ten sexdecillion 1052 Samudra ಸಮುದ್ರಾ ೧೦52
One octillion 1057 ogha ಒಘಾ ೧೦57
One hundred novemdecillion 1062 ogha ಮಹಾಒಘಾ ೧೦62


Accomodations

English Transliteration Kannada
house mane ಮನೆ
storey mahaDi ಮಹಡಿ
room kONe ಕೋಣೆ


Zodiac Signs

Image/ಚಿತ್ರ Zodiac/ರಾಶಿಗಳು Transl. Zodiac
Signs
Gloss/ಅರ್ಥ Sign/
ಚಿನ್ಹೆ
Dates/
ದಿನಾಂಕ
Planet/ಗ್ರಹ
(Symbol/ಚಿನ್ಹೆ)
Element/ಅಂಶ
(Symbol/ಚಿನ್ಹೆ)
Polarity/
ಧ್ರುವೀಯತೆ
Modality/ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ಧತೆ
(Symbol/ಚಿನ್ಹೆ)
  ಮೇಷ Mesha Aries The Ram/
ಟಗರು
  Mar 21 -
Apr 19
Mars/ಮಂಗಳ
( )
Fire/ಅಗ್ನಿ
( )
Positive(+) Cardinal/ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕ ( )
  ವೃಷಭ Vrushabha Taurus The Bull/
ಗೂಳಿ
  Apr 20 -
May 20
Venus/ಶುಕ್ರ
( )
Earth/ಭೂಮಿ
( )
Negative (-) Fixed/ಸ್ಥಿರ (   )
  ಮಿಥುನ Mithuna Gemini The Twins/
ಗಂಡು ಹೆಣ್ಣು
(ಅವಳಿ)
  May 21 -
Jun 20
Mercury/ಬುಧ
( )
Air/ವಾಯು
( )
Positive (+) Mutable/
ಬದಲಾಗುವಂಥದ್ದು ( )
  ಕರ್ಕಾಟಕ Karkataka Cancer The Crab/
ಏಡಿ
  Jun 21 -
Jul 22
Moon/ಚಂದ್ರ
( )
Water/ಜಲ
( )
Negative (-) Cardinal/ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕ ( )
  ಸಿಂಹ Simha Leo The Lion/
ಸಿಂಹ
  Jul 23 -
Aug 22
Sun/ಸೂರ್ಯ
( )
Fire/ಅಗ್ನಿ
( )
Positive (+) Fixed/ಸ್ಥಿರ (   )
  ಕನ್ಯಾ Kanya Virgo The Maiden/
ಕನ್ಯೆ
  Aug 23 -
Sep 22
Mercury/ಬುಧ
( )
Earth/ಭೂಮಿ
( )
Negative (-) Mutable/
ಬದಲಾಗುವಂಥದ್ದು ( )
  ತುಲಾ Thula Libra The Scales/
ತಕ್ಕಡಿ
  Sep 23 -
Oct 22
Venus/ಶುಕ್ರ
( )
Air/ವಾಯು
( )
Positive (+) Cardinal/ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕ ( )
  ವೃಶ್ಚಿಕ Vrishchika Scorpio The Scorpion/
ಚೇಳು
  Oct 23 -
Nov 21
Mars/ಮಂಗಳ
( )
Water/ಜಲ
( )
Negative (-) Fixed/ಸ್ಥಿರ (   )
  ***ಧನು Dhanu Sagittarius The Archer/
ಬಿಲ್ಲುಗಾರ
  Nov 22 -
Dec 21
Jupiter/ಗುರು
( )
Fire/ಅಗ್ನಿ
( )
Positve (+) Mutable/
ಬದಲಾಗುವಂಥದ್ದು ( )
  ಮಕರ Makara Capricorn The Crocodile/
ಮೊಸಳೆ
  Dec 22 -
Jan 21
Saturn/ಶನಿ
( )
Earth/ಭೂಮಿ
( )
Negative (-) Cardinal/ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕ ( )
  ಕುಂಭ Kumbha Aquarius The Water
-bearer/
ನೀರು ಹೂಜಿ
  Jan 22 -
Feb 18
Saturn/ಶನಿ
( )
Air/ವಾಯು
( )
Positve (+) Fixed/ಸ್ಥಿರ (   )
  ಮೀನ Meena Pisces The Fish/
ಮೀನು
  Feb 19 -
Mar 20
Jupiter/ಗುರು
( )
Water/ಜಲ
( )
Negative (-) Mutable/
ಬದಲಾಗುವಂಥದ್ದು ( )

*** Ophiuchus (Kannada:ಒಫಿಯುಕಸ್) (November 29 to December 18) has sometimes been used in sidereal astrology as a thirteenth sign in addition to the twelve signs of the tropical Zodiac.[1][2]

References

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  1. "About the Controversial 13th Zodiac Sign". cosmopolitan.com. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  2. "Born under the sign of Ophiuchus?". earthsky.org. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.


Noun

Noun: Naamavachakagalu or Hesarugalu. Ex: Manjunatha, Bengalooru, Karnataka.


Verb

English Transliteration
in Kannada
Kannada
eat thinnu / unnu ತಿನ್ನು / ಉಣ್ಣು
come baa ಬಾ
go hogu ಹೋಗು
drink kudi ಕುಡಿ
sleep Malagu ಮಲಗು
read odhu ಓದು
write bari ಬರಿ
sit Kulituko / kutko / kooru / kundru ಕುಳಿತುಕೋ / ಕೂತ್ಕೋ / ಕೂರು / ಕುಂಡ್ರು
stand ninduko / nill(u) ನಿಂತ್ಕೋ / ನಿಲ್ಲು
ask kelu ಕೇಳು
call kare / kari ಕರೆ / ಕರಿ
do madu ಮಾಡು
gulp nungu ನುಂಗು
walk nade / nadi ನಡೆ / ನಡಿ
run odu ಓಡು
give kodu ಕೊಡು
take tagedko / tago ತೆಗೆದುಕೊ / ತಗೊ
shout Kirachu / odaru ಕಿರಚು / ಒದರು
talk matadu ಮಾತಾಡು
tell helu ಹೇಳು
jump egaru / jigi / kudi ಎಗರು / ಜಿಗಿ / ಕುದಿ
bend baggu / baagu ಬಗ್ಗು / ಬಾಗು
push Tallu / doodu / nooku / dabbu ತಳ್ಳು / ದೂಡು / ನೂಕು / ದಬ್ಬು
snatch kitthuko / keelu ಕಿತ್ತುಕೊ / ಕೀಳು
look nodu / kaanu ನೋಡು / ಕಾಣು
listen kelisiko / aalisu ಕೇಳಿಸಿಕೊ / ಆಲಿಸು


Animals

English Transliteration
Animal prANi
Domestic animal sAku prANi
Wild animal kADu prANi
Elephant Ane
Bird pakshi
Rat Heggana/Ili
Bullock etthu
Female buffalo eMMe
Camel OnTe
Donkey katte
Frog kappe
Bear karaDi
Horse kudure
Sheep kuri
Ox ettu
Male buffalo kona
Monkey kOthi, kapi
Rhinoceros gEnDamruga
Leopard chirate
Deer jinke
Wolf tOLa
Fox nari
Dog nAyi
Hippopotamus neerAne
Cat beKKu
Goat mEke
Rabbit mola
Lion simha
Pig handi
Cow hasu
Snake hAvu
Tiger huli
Zebra hEsaragatte
Boar Kadu handi
Fish Meenu
Crocodile Mosale


Birds

English Transliteration Kannada
Birds hakki/pakshi ಹಕ್ಕಿ/ಪಕ್ಷಿ
Cock hunja ಹುಂಜ
Crow kaage ಕಾಗೆ
Duck baatukoli ಬಾತುಕೋಳಿ
Eagle haddu ಹದ್ದು
Hen koli ಕೋಳಿ
Owl goobe ಗೂಬೆ
Parrot gili ಗಿಳಿ
Peacock navilu ನವಿಲು
Pigeon paarivaala ಪಾರಿವಾಳ
Sparrow gubbacchhi ಗುಬ್ಬಚ್ಚಿ
Stork kokkare ಕೊಕ್ಕರೆ
Coucal kembhuta ಕೆಂಭೂತ
Red wattled lapwing tittiba ಟಿಟ್ಟಿಬ
Falcon Lagada ಲಗಡ
Vulture Ranahaddu ರಣಹದ್ದು
Woodpecker Marakutaka ಮರಕುಟಕ ಹಕ್ಕಿ
Red-whiskered bulbul Juttina hakki ಜುಟ್ಟಿನ ಹಕ್ಕಿ
Baya weaver bird Geejaga hakki ಗೀಜಗ ಹಕ್ಕಿ
Swallows Thale thirugina hakki ತಲೆತಿರುಗಿನ ಹಕ್ಕಿ
Jungle bush quail Purule hakki ಪುರುಲೆ ಹಕ್ಕಿ
Ostrich ಉಷ್ಟ್ರಪಕ್ಷಿ


Body

English . . . Transliteration Kannada
Back Benu ಬೆನ್ನು
Bone moole/elubu ಮೂಳೆ/ಎಲುಬು
Cheek kenne/ galla ಕೆನ್ನೆ/ಗಲ್ಲಾ
Chest edhe ಎದೆ
Chin gaddha ಗದ್ದಾ
Ear kivi ಕಿವಿ
Eye kannu ಕಣ್ಣು
Eyebrow hubbu ಹುಬ್ಬು
Eyelash kannu reppe ಕಣ್ಣು ರೆಪ್ಪೆ
Face mukha ಮುಖ
Finger beralu ಬೆರಳು
Foot paada ಪಾದ
Fore Finger toruberalu ತೋರುಬೆರಳು
Forehead hane ಹಣೆ
Hair koodalu ಕೂದಲು
Hand kai ಕೈ
Head tale ತಲೆ
Heel himmadi, keelu ಹಿಮ್ಮಡಿ, ಕೀಲು
Knee mandi ಮಂಡಿ
Leg kaalu ಕಾಲು
Lips thuti ತುಟಿ
Little Finger kiruberaLu ಕಿರುಬೆರಳು
Middle Finger madhyada beraLu ಮಧ್ಯದ ಬೆರಳು
Mouth baayi ಬಾಯಿ
Neck kattu ಕತ್ತು
Shoulder Bhuja ಭುಜ
Nerve nara ನರ
Nose moogu ಮೂಗು
Palm angai ಅಂಗೈ
Ring Finger anaamika ಅನಾಮಿಕ
Skin charma ಚರ್ಮ
Stomach hotte ಹೊಟ್ಟೆ
Teeth hallu ಹಲ್ಲು
Thigh tode ತೊಡೆ
Throat gantalu ಗಂಟಲು
Thumb Finger hebbettu ಹೆಬ್ಬೆಟ್ಟು
Tongue naalige ನಾಲಿಗೆ


Colors

English Transliteration Kannada
Black Kappu ಕಪ್ಪು
Blue Neeli ನೀಲಿ
Brown Kandu ಕಂದು
Green Haseru ಹಸಿರು
Grey Boodu ಬೂದು/ನರುಗು
Orange Kitteli ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ/ಪೀತ ರಕ್ತ
Pink Gulaabi ಗುಲಾಬಿ/ಪಾಟಲ
Purple Nerali ನೇರಳೆ/ಧೂಮಲ
Red Kempu ಕೆಂಪು
Violet Nerali
White Billi ಬಿಳಿ
Yellow Haladi ಹಳದಿ/ಅರಿಶಿಣ/ಪೀತ


Days and Months

Days And Months in Kannada

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As per Kannada the week begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday.

Lunar calendar days (14)

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Padyah (day 1), Bidhigay (day 2),Thadhigay (day 3), Chowthi (day 4), Panchami (day 5) Shashtee (day 6), Sapthamee (day 7), Ashtami (day 8), Navamee (day 9), Dashamee (day 10), Ekadashee (day 11), Dwadhashe (day 12), Traiyodashee (day 13), Chaturadashee (day 14) and Poornimay (full moon 🌝 ) or Aamavasyah New moon 🌚)— starts from top again.

Days

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English Pronunciation Kannada
Day(s) dhina(gallu) ದಿನ(ಗಳು)
Sunday bhanuvaara/ravivaara ಭಾನುವಾರ/ರವಿವಾರ
Monday somavaara ಸೋಮವಾರ
Tuesday mangalavaara ಮಂಗಳವಾರ
Wednesday budhavaara ಬುಧವಾರ
Thursday guruvaara ಗುರುವಾರ
Friday shukravaara ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ
Saturday shanivaara ಶನಿವಾರ

Months in a year

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English Pronunciation Kannada
Month(s) maasa(galu) ಮಾಸ(ಗಳು)
April Chaitra ಚೈತ್ರ
May Vaishaakha ವೈಶಾಖ
June Jyeshta ಜ್ಯೇಷ್ಠ
July Aashadha ಆಷಾಢ
August Shravana ಶ್ರಾವಣ
September Bhaadrapada ಭಾದ್ರಪದ
October Aashvija ಆಶ್ವಿಜಾ
November Kaarthika ಕಾರ್ತೀಕ
December margashira ಮಾರ್ಗಶಿರ
January Pushya ಪುಷ್ಯ
February Maagha ಮಾಘ
March Phaalguna ಫಾಲ್ಗುಣ

As per Kannada, the year starts from chaitra maasa (March/April month) which is also celebrated as Yugadi/Ugadi. This is inherited from the Hindu calendar, which is why the months don't match with the Gregorian calendar. When speaking in Kannada and you want to refer to a particular month, you can always use the English name of the month.


Directions

English Transliteration Kannada
Directions dikkugalu ದಿಕ್ಕುಗಳು
East Poorva, MoodaNa ಪೂರ್ವ, ಮೂಡಣ
West paschima, paDuvaNa ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ, ಪಡುವಣ
North uttara, baDagaNa ಉತ್ತರ, ಬಡಗಣ
South dakshina, tenkaNa ದಕ್ಷಿಣ, ತೆ೦ಕಣ
South-east Agneya ಆಗ್ನೇಯ
South-west Nairuthya ನೈರುತ್ಯ
North-west Vayuvya ವಾಯುವ್ಯ
North-east Eeshanya ಈಶಾನ್ಯ
Up mEle ಮೇಲೆ
Down keLage ಕೆಳಗೆ
Right bala ಬಲ
Left eDa ಎಡ
Backward hinde ಹಿಂದೆ
Forward munde ಮುಂದೆ
Here illi ಇಲ್ಲಿ
There alli ಅಲ್ಲಿ
Straight nEra, neTTa ನೇರ, ನೆಟ್ಟ
Sideways aDDaDDa ಅಡ್ಡಡ್ಡ
This Way ee kaDe ಈ ಕಡೆ
That Way Aa kade ಆ ಕಡೆ


Dressing

English Transliteration Kannada
shirt angi ಅಂಗಿ
trousers SarAyi ಷರಾಯಿ
lungi lungi ಲುಂಗಿ
shoe kera ಕೆರ
ring ungura ಉಂಗುರ


Flowers

English Transliteration Kannada
Flower(s) hoovu(gaLu) ಹೂವು(ಗಳು)
Arabian Jasmine dunDu mallige ದುಂಡು ಮಲ್ಲಿಗ
Blue Water Lily naidile hoovu ನೈದಿಲೆ ಹೂವು(ಗಳು)
Crossandra kanakaambara ಕನಕಾಂಬರ
Cypress Vine kaamalathe (kempu mallige) ಕಾಮಲತೆ (ಕೆಂಪು ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ)
Hibiscus daasavaaLa ದಾಸವಾಳ
Jasmine mallige ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ
Lotus tavare ತಾವರೆ
Marigold chenDu hoovu ಚೆಂಡು ಹೂವು
Rose gulaabi ಗುಲಾಬಿ
Sunflower suryakaanti ಸೂರ್ಯಕಾಂತಿ
Coral Jasmine paarijaata ಪಾರಿಜಾತ
Champa sampige ಸಂಪಿಗೆ
Oleander kaNagile ಕಣಗಿಲೆ
Chrysanthemum sEvantige ಸೇವಂತಿಗೆ
Skean suragi ಸುರಗಿ
Crape Jasmine nandi battalu ನಂದಿ ಬಟ್ಟಲು
Plumeria dEva kaNagile ದೇವ ಕಣಗಿಲೆ
Dahlia dEre ಡೇರೆ
Nerium Oleander kaNagala hoovo ಕಣಗಳ ಹೂವು(ಗಳು)
Tuberose SugAndha Raja ಸುಗಂಧ ರಾಜ


Foods

Traditional Kannada Dishes:-

Pronunciation Kannada
aalugaDDe bonDa ಆಲುಗಡ್ಡೆ ಬೊಂಡ
baadusha ಬಾದುಶ
bELe obbaTTu ಬೇಳೆ ಒಬ್ಬಟ್ಟು
bisi bELe baath ಬಿಸಿ ಬೇಳೆ ಬಾತ್
chakkuli ಚಕ್ಕುಲಿ
chirOTi ಚಿರೋಟಿ
chitraanna ಚಿತ್ರಾನ್ನ
Coffee ಕಾಫಿ
daavaNagere beNNe dOse ದಾವಣಗೆರೆ ಬೆಣ್ಣೆ ದೋಸೆ
damrOT ದಮ್ರೋಟ್
dhaaravaaDa pEDa ಧಾರವಾಡ ಪೇಡ
hOLige ಹೋಳಿಗೆ
iDli ಇಡ್ಲಿ
kEsari baath ಕೇಸರಿ ಬಾತ್
khaara baath ಖಾರ ಬಾತ್
kobbari miTaayi ಕೊಬ್ಬರಿ ಮಿಠಾಯಿ
kODubaLe ಕೋಡುಬಳೆ
kOsambari ಕೋಸಂಬರಿ
laaDu ಲಾಡು
maddooru vaDe ಮದ್ದೂರು ವಡೆ
majjigehuLi ಮಜ್ಜಿಗೆಹುಳಿ
mangaLooru bajji ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಬಜ್ಜಿ
masaale dOse ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ
meNasinakaayui bajji ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ ಬಜ್ಜಿ
mOsaru vaDe ಮೊಸರು ವಡೆ
Mysooru pak ಮೈಸೂರು ಪಾಕ
mysooru pak ಮೈಸೂರು ಪಾಕ್
nippaTTu ನಿಪ್ಪಟ್ಟು
paayasa ಪಾಯಸ
palya ಪಲ್ಯ
pENi ಪೇಣಿ
puLiyogare ಪುಳಿಯೋಗರೆ
raagi roTTi ರಾಗಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ
Tambli ತಂಬ್ಳಿ
Tea ಟೀ
uppittu ಉಪ್ಪಿಟ್ಟು
vaDe ವಡೆ
uppinakayi ಉಪ್ಪಿನಕಾಯಿ


Grains

Group English Common name Transliteration Kannada
Cereals & grains:
1 Rice Akki ಅಕ್ಕಿ, (cooked Rice - ಅನ್ನ)
2 Poha/Beaten Rice avalakki ಅವಲಕ್ಕಿ
3 Puffed Rice manDakki, Mandalu ಮಂಡಕ್ಕಿ, ಮಂಡಾಳು
4 wheat Godhi ಗೋಧಿ
5 Semolina Rave ರವೇ
6 Finger Millet Raagi ರಾಗಿ
7 Jowar Jola ಜೋಳ
8 Corn Mekke Jola ಮೆಕ್ಕೆಜೋಳ
9 Barley Barley/jave godhi ಬಾರ್ಲಿ/ಜವೆ ಗೋಧಿ
10 Oats sadhak
11 Tapioca Root / Cassava Sabbakki ಸಬ್ಬಕ್ಕಿ
12 Flour Hittu ಹಿಟ್ಟು
13 Quinoa Varadakki ವರದಕ್ಕಿ
14 Foxtail Millet / Millet groats navane ನವಣೆ ಅಕ್ಕಿ
Lentils / Dhals / legumes :( whole beans are called Kaalu ಕಾಳು & split beans are calles Bele ಬೇಳೆ respectively.) Bele & Kaalugalu
1 Arhar or masoor Dhal or Toor Dal / Pigeon Pea Thogari Bele ತೊಗರಿ ಬೇಳೆ
2 Green Gram or Moong Dhal Hesaru Bele ಹೆಸರು ಕಾಳು
3 Black gram or Urud Dhal Uddina Bele ಉದ್ದಿನ ಬೇಳೆ
4 Bengal gram or Channa Dhal or Split Chickpea kadale Bele ಕಡಲೆ ಕಾಳು
4 Fried Bengal gram HurigaDale ಹುರಿಗಡಲೆ

-

5 Horse gram Hurali kaaLu ಹುರಳಿ ಕಾಳು
6 Cow Peas Alsande kaaLu ಅಲ್ಸಂದೆ ಕಾಳು
7 Beans Hurali Kaayi ಹುರಳಿಕಾಯಿ
8 Peas Battani ಬಟಾಣಿ
misc
Salt Uppu..Kalluppu(crystal salt) & Pudiuppu(powdered salt) ಉಪ್ಪು
Sugar sakkare ಸಕ್ಕರೆ
Jaggery bella ಬೆಲ್ಲ
Spices :
Black Pepper Kari meNasu ಕರಿ ಮೆಣಸು
Cardamom Elakki ಏಲಕ್ಕಿ
Cinnamon chakke ಚಕ್ಕೆ
Cloves lavanga ಲವಂಗ
Cumin Seeds jeerige ಜೀರಿಗೆ
Asafoetida iNgu ಇಂಗು
Fenugreek menthya ಮೆಂತ್ಯ
Bay Leaf palaav ele ಪಲಾವ್ ಎಲೆ
Raisins oNa draakshi ಒಣ ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ
Tamarind huNase haNNu ಹುಣಸೆ ಹಣ್ಣು
Mustard saasive ಸಾಸಿವೆ
Poppy Seeds gasagase ಗಸಗಸೆ
Flax Seeds agase beeja ಅಗಸೆ ಬೀಜ
Tea Powder Chahapudi ಚಹಾಪುಡಿ
Coffee Kaafee Pudi (powder) / Kaffee Beeja (Seeds) ಕಾಫಿ ಪುಡಿ / ಕಾಫಿ ಬೀಜ
Cooking-Oil seeds, other nuts & seeds :
1 Coconut tenginakaayi ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿ
Dry Coconut/Copra kobbari ಕೊಬ್ಬರಿ
2 Groundnut kaDalekaayi beeja ಕಡಲೆಕಾಯಿ ಬೀಜ
3 Cashewnut gODaMbi ಗೋಡಂಬಿ
4 Almond baadami ಬಾದಾಮಿ
5 Peanut Kadalekayi ಕಡಲೆಕಾಯಿ
6 Pickle Uppinakayi ಉಪ್ಪಿನಕಾಯಿ


ಕಡಲೆ ಪಪ್ಪು


Fruits

English Kannada Transliteration
Apple ಸೇಬು sebu
Pear ಮರಸೇಬು Marasebu
Avocado ಬೆಣ್ಣೆ ಹಣ್ಣು Benne Hannu
Banana ಬಾಳೆ ಹಣ್ಣು Baale Hannu
Chikku ಸಪೋಟ Sapota
Custard Apple ಸೀತಾಫಲ Seethaphala
Grapes ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ Dhraakshi
Guava ಪೇರಲ, ಸೀಬೆಹಣ್ಣು, ಚೇಪೆಕಾಯಿ Perala, Seebe Hannu, Chepekaayi
Muskmelon ಖರ್ಬೂಜ Kharbooja
Mango ಮಾವಿನ ಹಣ್ಣು Maavina Hannu
Moosambi ಮೂಸಂಬಿ Moosambi
Orange ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ Kittale
Pomegranate ದಾಳಿಂಬೆ Daalimbe
Papaya ಪರಂಗಿ Parangi
Pineapple ಅನಾನಸ್ Ananas
Watermelon ಕಲ್ಲಂಗಡಿ ಹಣ್ಣು Kallangadi Hannu
Jackfruit ಹಲಸಿನ ಹಣ್ಣು Halasina hannu
Lemon ನಿಂಬೆ ಹಣ್ಣು Nimbe hannu


Objects

English Kannada
Chair ಕುರ್ಚಿ
Bed ಹಾಸಿಗೆ / ಗಾಧಿ
Cot ಮಂಚ
Table ಮೇಜು


Music

Music

edit

karnataka and Hindustani are the two major types of music, practiced in Karnataka


Plants

Leaves names

edit
English Transliteration Kannada names of trees
Tree(s) mara(gaLu) ಮರ(ಗಳು)
Sacred fig (Bodhi) arali ಅರಳಿ
Banyan aala ಆಲ
Bamboo bidiru ಬಿದಿರು
Banana baaLe ಬಾಳೆ
Cashew godambi ಗೋಡಂಬಿ
Jack Fruit halasu ಹಲಸು
Rosewood beete ಬೀಟೆ
Teak thega ತೇಗ
Mango mavina mara ಮಾವಿನ ಮರ
coconut tree Thengina mara ತೆಂಗಿನ ಮರ
Cedar Matthi mara ಮಥಿ ಮರದ
Teak Saguvani ಸಾಗುವಾನಿ
Drumstick Tree Nuggemara ನುಗ್ಗೆಮರ
Sandalwood Tree Sriganadamara ಶ್ರೀಗಂಧದ ಮರ
Neem Tree Bevinamara ಬೇವಿನ ಮರ
Tamarind Tree Hunasemara ಹುಣಸೆ ಮರ
Golden Champa Tree sampige mara ಸಂಪಿಗೆ
Curry Tree karibevu mara ಕರಿಬೇವಿನ ಮರ
Arecanut tree adaki mara ಅಡಿಕೆ ಮರ


Relations

English Transliteration Kannada
Relatives nentaru ನೆಂಟರು
Mother amma, taayi ಅಮ್ಮ, ತಾಯಿ
Father appa, tande ಅಪ್ಪ, ತಂದೆ
Son maga, putra ಮಗ, ಪುತ್ರ
Daughter magalu, putri ಮಗಳು, ಪುತ್ರಿ
Elder Brother anna ಅಣ್ಣ
Younger Brother tamma ತಮ್ಮ
Elder Sister akka ಅಕ್ಕ
Younger Sister tangi ತಂಗಿ
Grandfather ajja, taata ಅಜ್ಜ, ತಾತ
Grandmother ajji ಅಜ್ಜಿ
Maternal Grandmother ammamma ಅಮ್ಮಮ್ಮ
Husband ganda ಗಂಡ
Wife hendathi, madadi ಹೆಂಡತಿ, ಮಡದಿ
Father in Law, Paternal Aunt's Husband maava ಮಾವ
Maternal Uncle Sodara maava ಸೋದರ ಮಾವ
Mother in Law, Maternal Uncle's wife atte ಅತ್ತೆ
Paternal Aunt Sodara atte ಸೋದರತ್ತೆ
Son in Law aliya ಅಳಿಯ
Man's Elder or Younger Brother's son [Sodara] Maga [ಸೋದರ] ಮಗ
Man's Elder or Younger Brother's Daughter [Sodara] Maghalu [ಸೋದರ] ಮಗಳು
Man's Elder or Younger sister's son Sodaraliya ಸೋದರಳಿಯ
Daughter in Law sose ಸೊಸೆ
Man's Elder or Younger sister's Daughter sodarasose ಸೋದರಸೊಸೆ
Father’s Younger Brother, Mother’s Younger Sister’s Husband chikkappa ಚಿಕ್ಕಪ್ಪ
Mother’s Younger Sister, Father’s Younger Brother’s Wife chikkamma ಚಿಕ್ಕಮ್ಮ
Father’s Elder Brother, Mother’s Elder Sister’s Husband doDDappa ದೊಡ್ಡಪ್ಪ
Mother’s Elder Sister, Father’s Elder Brother’s Wife doDDamma ದೊಡ್ಡಮ್ಮ
wife’s Elder Brother bhamaida ಭಾಮೈದ
Elder Sister's Husband, Husband's elder brother Bhava ಭಾವ
Children makkalu ಮಕ್ಕಳು
Spouse’s elder sister, Elder brother's wife attige ಅತ್ತಿಗೆ
Husband’s Younger Brother maiduna ಮೈದುನ
Spouse’s Younger Sister, Younger brother's wife Naadini ನಾದಿನಿ
Male Friend geLeya, geLathi ಗೆಳೆಯ, ಸ್ನೇಹಿತ
Female Friend snehitha, snehithe ಗೆಳತಿ, ಸ್ನೇಹಿತೆ
Friendship geLethana ಗೆಳೆತನ
Orphan Anatha ಅನಾಥ
Wife’s Sister's Husband. Shadka ಶಡ್ಕ
Husband's Brother's wife. Vaaragitti ವಾರಗಿತ್ತಿ
Great Grand Mother Muthajji ಮುತ್ತಜ್ಜಿ
Great Grand Father muttajja/muthaata ಮುತ್ತಜ್ಜ/ಮುತ್ತಾತ
Great Grand Daughter Mari-mommagalu ಮರಿ ಮೊಮ್ಮಗಳು
Great Grand Son Mari-mommaga ಮರಿ ಮೊಮ್ಮಗ
Grand Son Mommaga ಮೊಮ್ಮಗ
Grand Daughter Mommagalu ಮೊಮ್ಮಗಳು
Husband's Another Wife Savati ಸವತಿ


Vegetables

English Kannada Transliteration Kannada
Vegetable Tarakari ತರಕಾರಿ
Beans /Green Beans Hurali kaayi ಹುರಳೀಕಾಯಿ
Bitter gourd Haagala kaayi ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ
Bottle gourd Sore kaaye ಸೋರೆಕಾಯಿ
Brinjal Badane kaayi ಬದನೇಕಾಯಿ
Cabbage Yele kosu ಎಲೆ ಕೋಸು
Capsicum Donne Menasina kaayi / Dappa Menasina kaayi ದೊಣ್ಣೆ ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ / ದಪ್ಪ ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ
Carrot Gajjari ಗಜ್ಜರಿ
Cauliflower Hoo kosu ಹೂ ಕೋಸು
Chow-chow Seemebadne ಸೀಮೆಬದನೆ ಕಾಯಿ
Coriander leaves Kotthambari Soppu ಕೊತ್ತಂಬರಿ ಸೊಪ್ಪು
Cucumber Southe kaayi ಸೌತೇಕಾಯಿ
Curry leaves Karibevu ಕರಿಬೇವು
Flat Beans Avarekāyi ಅವರೆಕಾಯಿ
Garlic Belulli ಬೆಳ್ಳುಳ್ಳಿ
Knol khol GeDDee kosu ಗೆಡ್ಡೆ ಕೋಸು/ನವಿಲು ಕೋಸು
Ginger Shunti ಶುಂಠಿ
Green chilli Hasiru menasina kaayi ಹಸಿರು ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ
Greens Soppu ಸೊಪ್ಪು
Lady's finger / Okra Bende kaayi ಬೆಂಡೇಕಾಯಿ
Lemon Nimbe hannu ನಿಂಬೆ ಹಣ್ಣು
Onion Eerulli, Ullagadde ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ, ಉಳ್ಳಾಗೆಡ್ಡೆ
Peas Batani ಬಟಾಣಿ
Potato Aaloo gadde ಆಲೂ ಗಡ್ಡೆ
Radish Moolangi Mulli ಮೂಲಂಗಿ
Pumpkin Kumbal kaayi ಕುಂಬಳಕಾಯಿ
Raw plantain Baale kaayi ಬಾಳೇಕಾಯಿ
Plantain Stem Bale Dindu ಬಾಳೆ ದಿಂಡು
Ridge Gourd/Chinese Okra Hīrekāyi ಹೀರೆಕಾಯಿ
Snake gourd Padavala kaayi ಪಡವಲಕಾಯಿ
Sweet Potato Genasu ಗೆಣಸು
Tomato Tamtekayi, Tometo, Tomyato/Gore hannu ಟಮಟೆಕಾಯಿ,ಟೊಮೆಟೊ/ಟೊಮ್ಯಾಟೊ/ಗೊರೆಹಣ್ಣು
Coconut Thengina kayi ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿ
Beetroot Kanduberu ಕಂದು ಬೇರು(ಕೆಂಪು ಮೂಲಂಗಿ)
Cocina/Ivy Gourd Tondekayi ತೊಂಡೆಕಾಯಿ
Elephant Yam suvarna Gedde ಸುವರ್ಣ ಗೆಡ್ದೆ
Mushroom Nayi Kode/Anabe ನಾಯಿ ಕೊಡೆ/ಅಣಬೆ
Mint leaves Pudina soppu ಪುದಿನ ಸೊಪ್ಪು
Fenugreek leaves Menthya soppu ಮೆಂತ್ಯ ಸೊಪ್ಪು
Spinach palak soppu ಪಾಲಕ್ ಸೊಪ್ಪು
cluster beans Chavalikai/Gorikai ಚವಳಿಕಾಯಿ
Malabar spinach Basale soppu ಬಸಳೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು
Amaranth rajgira ರಾಜಗಿರಿ ಸೊಪ್ಪು
Bread fruit Beru halasinakayi ಬೇರು ಹಲಸಿನಕಾಯಿ
Taro root kesu gedde ಕೆಸುವಿನ ಗೆಡ್ಡೆ
Groundnut sheng/kadle kayi ಶೇಂಗಾಕಾಳು/ಕಡ್ಲೆಕಾಯಿ

taciona/Cassava maragenasu ಮರಗೆಣಸು


Appendix A

Kannada (Dravidian)

edit
Translation Phrase ITRANS transliteration Pronunciation Literal meaning
Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ kannaDa (kanna Dah (‘D’ is with retroflex))
Hello ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ namaskAra (namas kārā) Salutations
Hello (informal) ಏನು ಸಮಾಚಾರ Enu samAchAra (eh nu sa maah chaah rah) What's up?
Good bye (when leaving) ಹೋಗಿ ಬರುತ್ತೇನೆ hOgi baruttEne (hoe gee barut tey ney ('T' is retroflex)) see you later
Good bye (when being left) ಹೋಗಿ ಬನ್ನಿ hOgi banni (hoe gee bun knee ('T' is retroflex) see you later
How are you? ನೀವು ಹೇಗಿದ್ದೀರ? nIvu hEgiddIra? (nee voo hey gay id dee rah)
What is your name? ನಿನ್ನ ಹೆಸರೇನು? ninna hesarEnu? (ni nna he sa rE nu?)
Please ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು dayaviTTu (da yah viTTu ('T' is retroflex)) With mercy
Thank you ಧನ್ಯವಾದ dhanyavAda (dhan yah vaada) Many thanks
Sorry, Excuse Me, Forgive Me ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಿ kshamisi (ksha mi si) sorry
That one ಅದು adu (ah du)
How much? ಎಷ್ಟು? eshTu? (esh Tu ('T' is retroflex)
English ಆಂಗ್ಲ aangla (ahng lah)
Yes ಹೌದು,ಹೂ houdu, huu (how doo)(Huu(nasal))
No ಇಲ್ಲ illa (ill ah)