Heidelberg School

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Clara Southern An Old Bee Farm

The Heidelberg School, also commonly Heidelberg Art School, was an Australian art movement of the late 19th century. The movement has latterly been described as Australian Impressionism.[1]

The movement originated in July 1891, when art critic, Sidney Dickinson wrote a review of the exhibitions of works by Walter Withers and Arthur Streeton. Dickinson noted that these artists, whose works were mostly painted in the Heidelberg area, could be considered as "The Heidelberg School". Since that time, The Heidelberg School has taken on a wider meaning and covers Australian artists of the late nineteenth century who painted plein-air in the impressionist tradition. These artists were inspired by the beautiful landscapes of the Yarra and the unique light that typifies the Australian bush.

The works of these artists are notable, not only for their merits as compositions, but as part of Australia's historical record. The period immediately before Federation is the setting for many classic Australian historical stories of the "bush", both fact and fiction. The School's work provides a visual complement to these tales and their images have embedded themselves into Australia's historical subconscious. Many of the actual artworks can be seen in Australian galleries, notably the National Gallery of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia and the Ballarat Fine Art Gallery.

History

The Australian bush, a major influence and central subject matter for the Heidelberg School artists.

The name refers to the then rural area of Heidelberg east of Melbourne where practitioners of the style found their subject matter, though usage expanded to cover other Australian artists working in similar areas. The core group painted there on several occasions at "artist's camps" in the late 1880s and early 1890s. Besides Arthur Streeton and Walter Withers, other major artists in the movement included Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin and Charles Conder.[2] See below for a list of other associated artists.

Influences & Style

The School's artists were clearly influenced by the international Impressionist movement, and took up many of the concepts of the group. They regularly painted plein air landscapes, as well as using art to depict daily life. They showed a keen interest in the instantaneous effects of lighting, and experimented with a variety of brushstroke techniques; McCubbin in particular used the small, contrasting blocks of strong colour that were a trademark of some Impressionist work. However, these artists should not be viewed as merely copying an international trend. Works of the Heidelberg school are generally viewed as some of the first Western art to realistically and sensitively depict the Australian landscape as it actually exists. Many earlier works look like European scenes and do not reflect the harsh sunlight, earthier colours, and distinctive vegetation of the land they painted.

Associated Artists[3]

Frederick McCubbin, Pioneer, 1904.

Locations

Artists Trail

Sign on the artists' walking trail on the Yarra River marking works of the Heidelberg School.

The Heidelberg Artists Trail is a free-of-charge, self-drive, cycling, walking trail that includes a series of approximately 57 explanatory signs and boards situated in locations frequented by artists of the Heidelberg School, displaying reproductions and descriptions of some of the most famous paintings, located in or near where the artists painted or lived. The information signs are a frequent sight throughout Melbourne's eastern walking and cycling paths and trails and is quite popular with school groups who have an interest in the arts and the natural environment. The trail winds for 40 km through the municipalities of Banyule, Nillumbik and Manningham through to the Yarra Valley and the Dandenong Ranges.

Locations

Below is a numbered list of all the signs on the trail and works featured on them (trail length shown in brackets):

1. Charles Conder, Impressionists’ Camp 1889
2. Walter Withers, The Last Summer 1898
3. Walter Withers, A Bright Winters’ Morning 1894
4. Walter Withers, The Farm 1890
5. Walter Withers, Early Morning Heidelberg 1898
6. Walter Withers, The Storm 1896
7. Arthur Streeton, The Selectors Hut: Whelan on a Log 1890
8. Arthur Streeton, Eaglemont 1889
9. Walter Withers, The Yarra Below Eaglemont 1895
10. Emanuel Phillips Fox, A Love Story 1903
11. Emanuel Phillips Fox, Art Students 1895
12. Tudor St George Tucker, Young Girl in a Garden 1895
13. Emanuel Phillips Fox, Moonrise Heidelberg 1900
14. Walter Withers, Chartersville near Eaglemont Victoria1890
15. Arthur Streeton, Sill Glides the Stream & Shall Forever Glide 1890
16. Arthur Streeton, Above Us the Great Grave Sky 1890
17. Arthur Streeton, Golden Summer Eaglemont 1889
18. Arthur Streeton, Near Heidelberg 1890
19. Louis Buvelot, Winter Morning near Heidelberg 1866
20. Walter Withers, Tranquil Winter 1895
  • Banksia Park (200m)
21. Arthur Streeton, Spring, 1890
22. Tom Roberts, Quiet Stream Heidelberg, c. 1885
23. Charles Conder, The Yarra Heidelberg Boys Bathing, 1890
24. David Davies Fox, Evening at Templestowe,1897
25. Louis Buvelot, Summer Afternoon, Templstowe, 1866
26. Arthur Streeton, The Road to Templestowe, 1889
27. David Davies, Moonrise, 1894
28. Clara Southern, A cool corner, c. 1918
29. Clara Southern, Warrandyte Hotel, c. 1910
30. Clara Southern, Evensong, c.1900-14
31. Walter Withers, Old Bridge, Warrnadyte
32. Walter Withers, Country Road, c. 1898
33. Walter Withers, Spring, c. 1910
34. Walter Withers, On the Eltham Road, 1906
35. Walter Withers, The Drover, 1912
36. Walter Withers, Landscape with Sheep
37. Walter Withers, The Silent Gums, 1909
38. Clara Southern, An Old Bee Farm, c. 1900
39. Clara Southern, A Country Wash-House, c. 1905
40. Clara Southern, Audrey and Chickapick, 1911
41. Clara Southern, The Artist’s Home, c. 1909
42. May Vale, The Orchard, c. 1904
43. Jane Price, Moonrise
44. Eugene Von Guerard, Ferntree Gully in the Dandenong Ranges 1857
45. Tom Roberts, Washing Day, Kallista, c1923-25
46. Tom Roberts, Country Road Makers, 1923
47. Tom Roberts, Sherbrooke Forest, 1924
48. Arthur Streeton, Golden Afternoon, Olinda c1924
49. Arthur Streeton, View from Farmer’s, Olinda c1924
  • Mt Dandenong & Kalorama
50. Arthur Streeton, The Cloud (Storm over Macedon), 1936
51. Arthur Streeton, Observatory Road Kalorama Park looking towards Silvan, 1937
52. Arthur Streeton, Silvan Dam c1930-31
53. Arthur Streeton, Mitchell’s Lime Quarry, 1935
54. Arthur Streeton, Melba’s Farm c1914
55. William Nicholas Rowell, Lilydale Road, 1928
56. Arthur Streeton, Chrysanthemums, 1891
57. Theodore Penleigh Boyd, The Boyd Homestead at Yarra Glen, 1910
  • Louis Buvelot, Macedon Ranges, 1874
    Louis Buvelot, Macedon Ranges, 1874
  • Frederick McCubbin, The Letter, 1884
    Frederick McCubbin, The Letter, 1884
  • Tom Roberts, A Quiet Day on Darebin Creek, 1885
    Tom Roberts, A Quiet Day on Darebin Creek, 1885
  • Charles Conder, A Holiday at Mentone, 1888
    Charles Conder, A Holiday at Mentone, 1888
  • Tom Roberts, Shearing the Rams, 1888-1890
    Tom Roberts, Shearing the Rams, 1888-1890
  • Arthur Streeton, Golden Summer, Eaglemont, 1889
    Arthur Streeton, Golden Summer, Eaglemont, 1889
  • Frederick McCubbin, Down on His Luck, 1889
    Frederick McCubbin, Down on His Luck, 1889
  • Arthur Streeton, Sunlight Sweet, Coogee, 1890
    Arthur Streeton, Sunlight Sweet, Coogee, 1890
  • Walter Withers, The Storm, 1896
    Walter Withers, The Storm, 1896
  • John Longstaff, Gippsland, Sunday Night, 1898
    John Longstaff, Gippsland, Sunday Night, 1898
  • Tom Roberts, Opening of the First Parliament, 1901
    Tom Roberts, Opening of the First Parliament, 1901
  • Frederick McCubbin, The pioneer, 1904
    Frederick McCubbin, The pioneer, 1904
  • Arthur Streeton, Mount St. Quentin, 1918
    Arthur Streeton, Mount St. Quentin, 1918
  • Arthur Streeton, Amiens the Key of The West, 1919
    Arthur Streeton, Amiens the Key of The West, 1919
  • Clara Southern, Old Bee Farm
    Clara Southern, Old Bee Farm

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist

External resources

  1. ↑ Introduction to Australian Impressionism. In: Australian Impressionism. National Gallery of Victoria, abgerufen am 8. April 2010.
  2. ↑ Heidelberg Artists Trail
  3. ↑ Heidelberg Artists Trail
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