Windsor Castle: Forskelle mellem versioner
m Fjernede Kategori:Slotte i Castles in Berkshire; Tilføjede Kategori:Slotte i Berkshire ved hjælp af Hotcat |
m bot: ændre Skabelon:Harflertydig2 til Skabelon:Harflertydig så der kommer prefix-søgning; kosmetiske ændringer |
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[[Fil: |
[[Fil:Windsor Castle at Sunset - Nov 2006.jpg|thumb|Windsor Castle set fra Long Walk.]] |
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'''Windsor Castle''' er |
'''Windsor Castle''' er et kongeslot i byen [[Windsor (England)|Windsor]] i [[Berkshire]] [[Englands counties|County]]. |
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Det er kendt for sin langvarige tilknytning til den [[Kongeriget England|engelske]] og senere britiske kongelige familie og for sin arkitektur. |
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Det kongelige [[slot]] er grundlagt af [[Vilhelm Erobreren]] i [[11. århundrede]]. Bygningerne dækker et areal på cirka 50.000 m² (5 [[hektar]]). |
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== Historie == |
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{{-}} |
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Borgen blev opført i det [[11. århundrede]] efter [[Vilhelm Erobreren]]s [[normanniske erobring af England]]. Siden [[Henrik 1. af England|Henrik 1.]]'s regringstid [[1100]]-[[1135]] har slottet været beboet af den regerende monark, og det er det kongeslot i Europa, der har været beboet i længst tid. Slottets overdådige værelser fra begyndelsen af 1800-tallet er beskrevet af kunsthistorikeren [[Hugh Roberts]] som "en fantastisk og uovertruffen række værelser, der er bredt anerkendt som det fineste og mest komplette udtryk for [[Georgiansk arkitektur]]".<ref name="Hugh Roberts p.79">Hugh Roberts, ''Options Report for Windsor Castle'', cited Nicolson, p. 79.</ref> Inden for slottets mure ligger [[St George's Chapel (Windsor Castle)|St George's Chapel]], der af [[John Martin Robinson]] anses som "en af de bedste arkitekturperler inden for [[Engelsk Gotisk arkitektur]]".<ref name="Robinson, p.27">Robinson, p. 27.</ref> |
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Slottet skulle oprindeligt sikre den [[Normannere|normanniske]] dominans i udkanten af [[London]] og overvåge en strategisk del af [[Themsen]]. Det blev opført som en [[motte-and-bailey]]-fæstning med tre borggårde inde i hinanden, som lå på en naturlig høj. Gradvist blev [[palisade]]rne erstattet af forsvarsværker af sten, og det muliggjorde, at slottet kunne modstå en langvarig [[belejring]] under den [[første baronkrig]] i begyndelsen af det [[13. århundrede]]. [[Henrik 3. af England|Henrik 3.]] opførte et kongeligt palads inden for borgens mure midt i det 13. århundrede, og [[Edvard 3. af England|Edvard 3.]] gik endnu længere, idet han genopbyggede paladset for at skabe et overdådigt byggeri, der blev "det dyreste [[profan]]e byggeprojekt i [[England i middelalderen|middelalderens England]]".<ref name="BrindleKerrP39">Brindle and Kerr, p. 39.</ref> Kernen i Edvards arkitektur blev bevaret helt frem til [[Huset Tudor|kongehuset Tudor]] ([[1485]]-[[1603]]), hvor [[Henrik 8. af England|Henrik 8.]] og [[Elizabeth 1. af England|Elizabeth 1.]] i højere grad brugte slottet som hjemsted for kongehuset og hoffet. Slottet blev også brugt til statsbesøg og til diplomater. |
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Windsor Castle overlevede den tumultariske periode under [[den engelske borgerkrig]] ([[1642]]-[[1651]]), hvor det blev brugt som hovedkvarter for [[rundhovederne|parlamentarikernes]] styrker og som fængsel for [[Charles 1. af England|Charles 1.]] Ved [[Restaurationen i England|genoprettelsen af monarkiet]] i [[1660]] genopbyggede [[Charles 2. af England|Charles 2.]] en stor del af Windsor Castle ved hjælp fra [[arkitekt]] [[Hugh May]], som skabte en række ekstravagante [[barok]]interiører, der stadig beundres. Efter forfald i det [[18. århundrede]] renoverede og genopførte [[George 3. af Storbritannien|George 3.]] og [[George 4. af Storbritannien|George 4.]] Charles 2.'s palads med enorme byggeomkostninger, og de etablerede den nuværende indretning af salonerne (State Apartments), der er fyldt med [[Rokokoarkitektur|rokoko]]-, [[gotik]]- og barokmøbler. [[Victoria af Storbritannien|Dronning Victoria]] lavede mindre ændringer på slottet, der blev centrum for royale fester under megen af hendes regeringstid ([[1837]]-[[1901]]). Windsor Castle blev brugt som et tilflugtssted for kongefamilien under [[Luftwaffe]]s bombardementer under [[anden verdenskrig]], og det overlevede [[Branden på Windsor Castle i 1992|en omfattende brand i 1992]]. Slottet er i dag en populær turistattraktion, det bliver brugt til statsbesøg og var dronning [[Elizabeth 2. af Storbritannien|Elizabeth 2.s]] foretrukne hjem i weekenderne. Den [[9. april]] [[2021]] døde [[Prins Philip, hertug af Edinburgh]], dronningens ægtemand, i slottet.<ref>{{cite news |date=2021-04-09 |title=Prince Philip has died aged 99, Buckingham Palace announces |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11437314 |url-status=live |access-date=2024-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908173314/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11437314 |archive-date=2021-04-09}}</ref> |
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== Se også == |
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* [[Liste over borge og slotte i England]] |
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== Referencer == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Litteratur == |
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{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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* Barber, Richard. (2007) "The Round Table Feast of 1344," in Munby, Barber and Brown (eds) 2007. |
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* Barnard, Toby. (2009) "The Viceregal Court in Later Seventeenth-Century Ireland," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009. |
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* Bickham, George. (1753) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4p4HAAAAQAAJ&q=bickham+windsor+castle&dq=bickham+windsor+castle&hl=en&ei=UUgzTcqjF4abhQfWrJDaCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA Deliciæ Britannicæ; or, the Curiosities of Kensington, Hampton Court, and Windsor Castle, Delineated.]'' London: Owen. OCLC 181805261. |
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* Bogdanor, Vernon. (1997) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mN6SzMefot4C&pg=PA190 The Monarchy and the Constitution].'' Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-829334-7}}. |
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* Bold, John and Chaney, Edwards. (eds) (1993) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0UCQl0ocbZMC&dq=English+Architecture,+Public+and+Private:+essays+for+Kerry+Downes&source=gbs_navlinks_s English Architecture, Public and Private: essays for Kerry Downes.]'' London: Hambledon Press. {{ISBN|978-1-85285-095-1}}. |
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* Brindle, Steven and Kerr, Brian. (1997) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uIlJAAAACAAJ&dq=Windsor+Revealed:+New+light+on+the+history+of+the+castle&hl=en&ei=cD4BTbT_BoexhQfr8MTuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA Windsor Revealed: New Light on the History of the Castle.]'' London: English Heritage. {{ISBN|978-1-85074-688-1}}. |
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* Brown, Reginald Allen. (1984) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jrJNAAAAYAAJ&q=%22The+Architecture+of+Castles:+A+Visual+Guide%22+allen&dq=%22The+Architecture+of+Castles:+A+Visual+Guide%22+allen&hl=en&ei=xT4BTeX-C4KyhAeS28TuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwATgU The Architecture of Castles: A Visual Guide.]'' London: Batsford. {{ISBN|978-0-7134-4089-8}}. |
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* Brown, Reginald Allen. (1989) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uu08AAAAIAAJ&dq=Brown,+Reginald+Allen.+(1989)+Castles+From+the+Ai&source=gbs_navlinks_s Castles From the Air].'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-32932-3}}. |
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* Cantor, Leonard Martin. (1987) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uPAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=The+Changing+English+Countryside,+1400-1700.&source=gbs_navlinks_s The Changing English Countryside, 1400–1700.]'' London: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-7102-0501-8}}. |
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* Clarke, John and Ridley, Jasper Godwin. (2000) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_No3oxZfwy4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Houses of Hanover and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.]'' Berkeley, US: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-22801-6}}. |
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* Colvin, Howard Montagu. (ed) (1973) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A9XVAAAAMAAJ&q=%22The+History+of+the+King's+Works%22&dq=%22The+History+of+the+King's+Works%22&hl=en&ei=ca4DTefmLM-bOsmPyaYB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ The History of the King's Works, Volume VI, 1782–1851.]'' London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 77106638. |
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* Cruickshanks, Eveline. (ed) (2009) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YH5nAAAAMAAJ&q=Cruickshanks+Stuart+Courts&dq=Cruickshanks+Stuart+Courts&hl=en&ei=B68DTZzQBsHpOeuntKYB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA The Stuart Courts.]'' Stroud, UK: The History Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7524-5206-7}}. |
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* [[William Hepworth Dixon|Dixon, William Hepworth]]. (1880) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1PYGAAAAQAAJ&q=Royal+Windsor,+Volume+IV&dq=Royal+Windsor,+Volume+IV&hl=en&ei=daUDTcuhNo-bOpWB6aYB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA Royal Windsor, Volume IV.]'' London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC 455329771. |
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* Emery, Anthony. (2006) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=g7EXvaDEYioC&printsec=frontcover Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500: Volume 3, Southern England.]'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-58132-5}}. |
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* Freeman, Kerin. (2015) ''The Civilian Bomb Disposing Earl: Jack Howard and Bomb Disposal in WW2.'' Barnsley: Pen and Sword. {{ISBN|9781473825604}}. |
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* Ireland, Ken. (2006) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LhEWu_S21LYC&dq=Cythera+Regained%3F:+the+Rococo+Revival+in+European+Literature+and+the+Arts,+1830-1910&source=gbs_navlinks_s Cythera Regained?: the Rococo Revival in European Literature and the Arts, 1830–1910.]'' Cranbury, US: Fairleigh Dickinson Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8386-4078-4}}. |
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* Hibbert, Christopher. (2007) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AB2Ub-5gvJ4C&dq=Edward+VII:+The+Last+Victorian+King&source=gbs_navlinks_s Edward VII: The Last Victorian King.]'' New York: Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8377-0}}. |
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* Hoak, Dale. (1995) "The Iconography of the Crown Imperial," in Hoak (ed) 1995 ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fBirvV6yNIIC&dq=Hoak,+Dale&source=gbs_navlinks_s Tudor Political Culture].'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-52014-0}}. |
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* House of Commons Public Accounts Committee. (2009) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=d6TR-x_vlW0C&dq=security+%22windsor+castle%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Maintaining the Occupied Royal Palaces: Twenty-fourth Report of Session 2008–09, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence.]'' London: The Stationery Office. {{ISBN|978-0-215-53049-3}}. |
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* Knox, Ronald and Leslie, Shane. (eds) (1923) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cj08AAAAIAAJ&dq=he+Miracles+of+King+Henry+VI.&source=gbs_navlinks_s The Miracles of King Henry VI.]'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
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* MacGregor, Arthur. (2009) "The Household Out of Doors: the Stuart Court and the Animal Kingdom," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009. |
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* Mackworth-Young, Robin. (1992) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lnqgAAAAMAAJ&q=History+and+Treasures+of+Windsor+Castle&dq=History+and+Treasures+of+Windsor+Castle&hl=en&ei=3q8DTez9JcqcOpOX9KYB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg The History and Treasures of Windsor Castle.]'' Andover, UK: Pitkin. {{ISBN|978-0-85372-338-7}}. |
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* Munby, Julian; Barber, Richard and Brown, Richard. (eds) (2007) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HFm2iudt_LYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Edward+III%27s+Round+Table+at+Windsor+munby&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J1eIUPCTC87a0QXfxoCABA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Edward III's Round Table at Windsor.]'' Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. {{ISBN|978-1-84383-391-8}}. |
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* Newman, John. (1993) "Hugh May, Clarendon and Cornbury," in Bold and Chaney (eds) 1993. |
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* Nicolson, Adam. (1997) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xeLVAAAAMAAJ&q=Restoration:+The+Rebuilding+of+Windsor+Castle.&dq=Restoration:+The+Rebuilding+of+Windsor+Castle.&hl=en&ei=vbAHTcmEI9CChQeytqHiCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA Restoration: The Rebuilding of Windsor Castle.]'' London: Michael Joseph. {{ISBN|978-0-7181-4192-9}}. |
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* Pounds, Norman John Greville. (1990) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=d8babfRDfxwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: a social and political history.]'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-45828-3}}. |
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* Pote, Joseph. (1755) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lMwHAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22joseph+pote%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Les Delices de Windsore: or, a Description of Windsor Castle and the Country Adjacent.]'' Eton: Joseph and Thomas Pote. OCLC 181833487. |
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* Ritchie, Leitch. (1840) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=IXsFAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Windsor+Castle,+and+Its+Environs%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Windsor Castle, and Its Environs.]'' London: Longman. OCLC 38518607. |
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* Robinson, John Martin. (2010) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GaGGQgAACAAJ&dq=Windsor+Castle:+the+Official+Illustrated+History&hl=en&ei=ALEHTcqPJ5KGhQf0m7zvBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA Windsor Castle: the Official Illustrated History.]'' London: Royal Collection Publications. {{ISBN|978-1-902163-21-5}}. |
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* Rowse, Alfred Leslie. (1974) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SBEhAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Windsor+Castle+in+the+History+of+the+Nation%22&dq=%22Windsor+Castle+in+the+History+of+the+Nation%22&hl=en&ei=W7EHTdW_PISChQfX4N3tBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA Windsor Castle in the History of the Nation.]'' London: Book Club Associates. {{ISBN|978-1-902163-21-5}}. |
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* Rubin, Miri. (2006) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A3UIAQAAMAAJ&q=%22the+hollow+crown%22+rubin&dq=%22the+hollow+crown%22+rubin&hl=en&ei=LS8WTa_xBp2AhAfk5YS3Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA The Hollow Crown: a History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages.]'' London: Penguin Books. {{ISBN|978-0-14-014825-1}}. |
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* Senn, Alfred Erich. (1999) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=k8geWJ_2wDQC&dq=%22Power,+Politics,+and+the+Olympic+Games.%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Power, Politics, and the Olympic Games.]'' Champaigne, US: Human Kinetics. {{ISBN|978-0-88011-958-0}}. |
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* Shawcross, William. (2009) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ELC4SrbYidwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Queen+elizabeth+queen+mother+shawcross&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pVeIUOTxOOzZ0QXigoD4BA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother : the Official Biography.]'' London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-1-4050-4859-0}}. |
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* South, Raymond. (1977) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hPDoAAAAMAAJ&q=%22The+Book+of+Windsor%22&dq=%22The+Book+of+Windsor%22&hl=en&ei=qrEHTe_0PJKGhQf4m7zvBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA The Book of Windsor.]'' Chesham, UK: Barracuda Books. {{ISBN|978-0-86023-038-0}}. |
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* Spencer, Charles. (2007) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gpj0HgAACAAJ&dq=%22Prince+Rupert%22+spencer&hl=en&ei=HrIHTYuRBdGLhQfhtIjuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier.]'' London: Phoenix. {{ISBN|978-0-297-84610-9}} |
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* Steane, John. (1999) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LoLlvnRPY_sC&dq=%22The+Archaeology+of+the+Medieval+English+Monarchy%22&hl=en&ei=N7IHTYqcE5KGhQf6m7zvBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy.]'' London: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-415-19788-5}}. |
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* Tatton-Brown, Tim. (2007) "Windsor Castle Before 1344," in Munby, Barber and Brown (eds) 2007. |
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* Thurley, Simon. (2009) "A Country Seat Fit For a King: Charles II, Greenwich and Winchester," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009. |
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* Tighe, Robert Richard and Davis, James Edward. (1858) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ScRCAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22annals+of+Windsor%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Annals of Windsor, Being a History of the Castle and Town, with some Account of Eton and Places Adjacent, Volume II.]'' London: Longman. OCLC 3813471. |
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* Tite, Catherine. (2010) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=X-UNZu2r6XcC&dq=%22Portraiture,+Dynasty+and+Power:+Art+Patronage+in+Hanoverian+Britain%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Portraiture, Dynasty and Power: Art Patronage in Hanoverian Britain, 1714–1759.]'' Amherst, US: Cambria Press. {{ISBN|978-1-60497-678-6}}. |
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* Watkin, David. (2005) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=39T1zElEBrQC&dq=%22'A+History+of+Western+Architecture%22+watkin&source=gbs_navlinks_s A History of Western Architecture.]'' London: Laurence King. {{ISBN|978-1-85669-459-9}}. |
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* Williams, Robert Folkestone. (1860) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wrlCAAAAYAAJ&dq=Domestic+memoirs+of+the+royal+family+and+of+the+court+of+England,+chiefly+at+Shene+and+Richmond&source=gbs_navlinks_s Domestic Memoirs of the Royal Family and of the Court of England, Chiefly at Shene and Richmond, Volume 2.]'' London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC 8987461. |
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* Williams, Neville. (1971) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=k5XpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Royal+Homes%22+neville&dq=%22Royal+Homes%22+neville&hl=en&ei=MbMHTcuBOZK0hAfV6KjiCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ Royal Homes.]'' Cambridge: Lutterworth Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7188-0803-7}}. |
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* Wolffe, Bertram. (2001) ''Henry VI''. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-08926-4}}. |
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{{refend}} |
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== Eksterne henvisninger == |
== Eksterne henvisninger == |
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{{ |
{{Commonscat|Windsor Castle}} |
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* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page557.asp Royal Residences: Windsor Castle] |
* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page557.asp Royal Residences: Windsor Castle] |
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* [http://www.windsor.gov.uk/attractions/castle.htm Official Windsor site] |
* [http://www.windsor.gov.uk/attractions/castle.htm Official Windsor site] |
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{{Britiske kongelige residenser}} |
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[[Kategori:Slotte i Berkshire]] |
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[[Kategori:England i middelalderen]] |
[[Kategori:England i middelalderen]] |
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[[Kategori:Fæstningsanlæg i England]] |
[[Kategori:Fæstningsanlæg i England]] |
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[[Kategori:Residensslotte i Storbritannien]] |
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{{Link FA|en}} |
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{{Link FA|es}} |
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{{Link GA|zh}} |
Nuværende version fra 9. mar. 2024, 02:27
For alternative betydninger, se Windsor. (Se også artikler, som begynder med Windsor)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg/220px-Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg)
Windsor Castle er et kongeslot i byen Windsor i Berkshire County.
Det er kendt for sin langvarige tilknytning til den engelske og senere britiske kongelige familie og for sin arkitektur.
Historie
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]Borgen blev opført i det 11. århundrede efter Vilhelm Erobrerens normanniske erobring af England. Siden Henrik 1.'s regringstid 1100-1135 har slottet været beboet af den regerende monark, og det er det kongeslot i Europa, der har været beboet i længst tid. Slottets overdådige værelser fra begyndelsen af 1800-tallet er beskrevet af kunsthistorikeren Hugh Roberts som "en fantastisk og uovertruffen række værelser, der er bredt anerkendt som det fineste og mest komplette udtryk for Georgiansk arkitektur".[1] Inden for slottets mure ligger St George's Chapel, der af John Martin Robinson anses som "en af de bedste arkitekturperler inden for Engelsk Gotisk arkitektur".[2]
Slottet skulle oprindeligt sikre den normanniske dominans i udkanten af London og overvåge en strategisk del af Themsen. Det blev opført som en motte-and-bailey-fæstning med tre borggårde inde i hinanden, som lå på en naturlig høj. Gradvist blev palisaderne erstattet af forsvarsværker af sten, og det muliggjorde, at slottet kunne modstå en langvarig belejring under den første baronkrig i begyndelsen af det 13. århundrede. Henrik 3. opførte et kongeligt palads inden for borgens mure midt i det 13. århundrede, og Edvard 3. gik endnu længere, idet han genopbyggede paladset for at skabe et overdådigt byggeri, der blev "det dyreste profane byggeprojekt i middelalderens England".[3] Kernen i Edvards arkitektur blev bevaret helt frem til kongehuset Tudor (1485-1603), hvor Henrik 8. og Elizabeth 1. i højere grad brugte slottet som hjemsted for kongehuset og hoffet. Slottet blev også brugt til statsbesøg og til diplomater.
Windsor Castle overlevede den tumultariske periode under den engelske borgerkrig (1642-1651), hvor det blev brugt som hovedkvarter for parlamentarikernes styrker og som fængsel for Charles 1. Ved genoprettelsen af monarkiet i 1660 genopbyggede Charles 2. en stor del af Windsor Castle ved hjælp fra arkitekt Hugh May, som skabte en række ekstravagante barokinteriører, der stadig beundres. Efter forfald i det 18. århundrede renoverede og genopførte George 3. og George 4. Charles 2.'s palads med enorme byggeomkostninger, og de etablerede den nuværende indretning af salonerne (State Apartments), der er fyldt med rokoko-, gotik- og barokmøbler. Dronning Victoria lavede mindre ændringer på slottet, der blev centrum for royale fester under megen af hendes regeringstid (1837-1901). Windsor Castle blev brugt som et tilflugtssted for kongefamilien under Luftwaffes bombardementer under anden verdenskrig, og det overlevede en omfattende brand i 1992. Slottet er i dag en populær turistattraktion, det bliver brugt til statsbesøg og var dronning Elizabeth 2.s foretrukne hjem i weekenderne. Den 9. april 2021 døde Prins Philip, hertug af Edinburgh, dronningens ægtemand, i slottet.[4]
Se også
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]Referencer
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]Litteratur
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- Barber, Richard. (2007) "The Round Table Feast of 1344," in Munby, Barber and Brown (eds) 2007.
- Barnard, Toby. (2009) "The Viceregal Court in Later Seventeenth-Century Ireland," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
- Bickham, George. (1753) Deliciæ Britannicæ; or, the Curiosities of Kensington, Hampton Court, and Windsor Castle, Delineated. London: Owen. OCLC 181805261.
- Bogdanor, Vernon. (1997) The Monarchy and the Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829334-7.
- Bold, John and Chaney, Edwards. (eds) (1993) English Architecture, Public and Private: essays for Kerry Downes. London: Hambledon Press. ISBN 978-1-85285-095-1.
- Brindle, Steven and Kerr, Brian. (1997) Windsor Revealed: New Light on the History of the Castle. London: English Heritage. ISBN 978-1-85074-688-1.
- Brown, Reginald Allen. (1984) The Architecture of Castles: A Visual Guide. London: Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-4089-8.
- Brown, Reginald Allen. (1989) Castles From the Air. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-32932-3.
- Cantor, Leonard Martin. (1987) The Changing English Countryside, 1400–1700. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7102-0501-8.
- Clarke, John and Ridley, Jasper Godwin. (2000) The Houses of Hanover and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Berkeley, US: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22801-6.
- Colvin, Howard Montagu. (ed) (1973) The History of the King's Works, Volume VI, 1782–1851. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 77106638.
- Cruickshanks, Eveline. (ed) (2009) The Stuart Courts. Stroud, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-5206-7.
- Dixon, William Hepworth. (1880) Royal Windsor, Volume IV. London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC 455329771.
- Emery, Anthony. (2006) Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500: Volume 3, Southern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58132-5.
- Freeman, Kerin. (2015) The Civilian Bomb Disposing Earl: Jack Howard and Bomb Disposal in WW2. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473825604.
- Ireland, Ken. (2006) Cythera Regained?: the Rococo Revival in European Literature and the Arts, 1830–1910. Cranbury, US: Fairleigh Dickinson Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-4078-4.
- Hibbert, Christopher. (2007) Edward VII: The Last Victorian King. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-8377-0.
- Hoak, Dale. (1995) "The Iconography of the Crown Imperial," in Hoak (ed) 1995 Tudor Political Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52014-0.
- House of Commons Public Accounts Committee. (2009) Maintaining the Occupied Royal Palaces: Twenty-fourth Report of Session 2008–09, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence. London: The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-215-53049-3.
- Knox, Ronald and Leslie, Shane. (eds) (1923) The Miracles of King Henry VI. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- MacGregor, Arthur. (2009) "The Household Out of Doors: the Stuart Court and the Animal Kingdom," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
- Mackworth-Young, Robin. (1992) The History and Treasures of Windsor Castle. Andover, UK: Pitkin. ISBN 978-0-85372-338-7.
- Munby, Julian; Barber, Richard and Brown, Richard. (eds) (2007) Edward III's Round Table at Windsor. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ISBN 978-1-84383-391-8.
- Newman, John. (1993) "Hugh May, Clarendon and Cornbury," in Bold and Chaney (eds) 1993.
- Nicolson, Adam. (1997) Restoration: The Rebuilding of Windsor Castle. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 978-0-7181-4192-9.
- Pounds, Norman John Greville. (1990) The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: a social and political history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45828-3.
- Pote, Joseph. (1755) Les Delices de Windsore: or, a Description of Windsor Castle and the Country Adjacent. Eton: Joseph and Thomas Pote. OCLC 181833487.
- Ritchie, Leitch. (1840) Windsor Castle, and Its Environs. London: Longman. OCLC 38518607.
- Robinson, John Martin. (2010) Windsor Castle: the Official Illustrated History. London: Royal Collection Publications. ISBN 978-1-902163-21-5.
- Rowse, Alfred Leslie. (1974) Windsor Castle in the History of the Nation. London: Book Club Associates. ISBN 978-1-902163-21-5.
- Rubin, Miri. (2006) The Hollow Crown: a History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-014825-1.
- Senn, Alfred Erich. (1999) Power, Politics, and the Olympic Games. Champaigne, US: Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-88011-958-0.
- Shawcross, William. (2009) Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother : the Official Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4050-4859-0.
- South, Raymond. (1977) The Book of Windsor. Chesham, UK: Barracuda Books. ISBN 978-0-86023-038-0.
- Spencer, Charles. (2007) Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-297-84610-9
- Steane, John. (1999) The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-19788-5.
- Tatton-Brown, Tim. (2007) "Windsor Castle Before 1344," in Munby, Barber and Brown (eds) 2007.
- Thurley, Simon. (2009) "A Country Seat Fit For a King: Charles II, Greenwich and Winchester," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
- Tighe, Robert Richard and Davis, James Edward. (1858) Annals of Windsor, Being a History of the Castle and Town, with some Account of Eton and Places Adjacent, Volume II. London: Longman. OCLC 3813471.
- Tite, Catherine. (2010) Portraiture, Dynasty and Power: Art Patronage in Hanoverian Britain, 1714–1759. Amherst, US: Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1-60497-678-6.
- Watkin, David. (2005) A History of Western Architecture. London: Laurence King. ISBN 978-1-85669-459-9.
- Williams, Robert Folkestone. (1860) Domestic Memoirs of the Royal Family and of the Court of England, Chiefly at Shene and Richmond, Volume 2. London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC 8987461.
- Williams, Neville. (1971) Royal Homes. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press. ISBN 978-0-7188-0803-7.
- Wolffe, Bertram. (2001) Henry VI. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08926-4.