File:Vinland Map HiRes.jpg
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This image was selected as picture of the day on Wikimedia Commons for 31 December 2007. It was captioned as follows: English: The Vinland map, a 15th century world map purportedly based on a 13th century original. If authentic, it is the first known depiction of the North American coastline. Other languages:
Asturianu: Planisferiu del sieglu XV, copiáu d'un orixinal del sieglu XIII, cola primera referencia conocía de la costa Americana septentrional. Nél figura "Vinland" términu viquingu Bahasa Indonesia: Sebuah peta dunia buatan abad ke-15, dibuat ulang berdasarkan peta asli abad ke-13, peta pertama yang diketahui menggambarkan garis pantai Amerika Utara, di wilayah Vinland sekarang. Čeština: Mapa světa z 15. století jako přepis originálu ze 13. století, zachycující údajnou část amerického kontinentu Vinland objevenou možná již před Kolumbem vikingskými mořeplavci. Deutsch: Die Vinland-Karte aus dem 15. Jahrhundert ist die älteste bekannte Karte, die einen Küstenabschnitt Nordamerikas kartiert. Allerdings ist ihre Echtheit zweifelhaft. English: The Vinland map, a 15th century world map purportedly based on a 13th century original. If authentic, it is the first known depiction of the North American coastline. Español: Mapa de Vinlandia, un mapa del siglo XV supuestamente basado en un original del siglo XIII. De ser auténtico, se trataría de la primera representación conocida de la costa norteamericana. Français : Carte du monde au XVe siècle, redessinée à partir d'un original du XIIIe siècle ; première description connue de la côte de l'Amérique du Nord alors appelée Vinland. Italiano: Planisfero del XV secolo, tratto da un originale del XIII secolo, con la prima raffigurazione conosciuta delle coste dell'America settentrionale. Magyar: 15. századi világtérkép, egy 13. századi eredeti másolata, az észak-amerikai partvidék (akkori nevén Vinland) első ismert ábrázolása. Nederlands: 15e eeuwse wereldkaart, overgetekend van een 13e eeuws orgineel, met intekening van Vinland ("Wijnland") Polski: Gdyby była to XV-wieczna mapa świata, przerysowana z XIII-wiecznego oryginału, była by pierwszym znanym opisem wybrzeży Ameryki Północnej zwanej wówczas Vinland. Obecnie jednak jest uznawana za fałszerstwo Português: Um mapa-múndi do século XV, copiado de uma versão do século XIII, com um esboço da costa setentrional dos Estados Unidos. Svenska: Världskarta från 1400-talet, avbildad från ett original från 1300-talet. Det är den första kända avbildningen av Nordamerikas kust. Беларуская: Карта свету 15 ст., копія карты 13 ст. з першым вядомым паказам Вінланду — узбярэжжа Паўночнай Амерыкі. Русский: Карта мира XV века, перерисованная с оригинала XIII века и содержащая первое изображение побережья Северной Америки (обозначенное как Винланд). Српски / srpski: Мапа света из 15. века, прецртана од оригинала из 13. века који је прва позната скица северноамеричке обале, која се тада звала „Винленд“. 日本語: 15世紀の世界地図。当時ヴィンランドと呼ばれた北米の海岸線を、初めて描写したことで知られる13世紀の原画を描き直したもの。 中文: 15世纪时从13世纪原稿复制的世界地图,是首次描绘出北美洲海岸的地图,当时称北美洲为“葡萄地”。 |
Summary
[edit]DescriptionVinland Map HiRes.jpg |
Dimensions: 27.8 by 41.0 centimeters (10.9 by 16.1 inches) English: The Vinland map / chart is purportedly a 15th century Mappa Mundi, redrawn from a 13th century original. Drawn with black ink on animal skin, if authentic the map is the first known depiction of the North American coastline, created before Columbus' 1492 voyage. The upper left caption reads: “By God's will, after a long voyage from the island of Greenland to the south toward the most distant remaining parts of the western ocean sea, sailing southward amidst the ice, the companions Bjarni and Leif riksson discovered a new land, extremely fertile and even having vines, ... which island they named Vinland.” Most scholars and scientists who have studied the map have concluded that it is a fake, probably drawn on old parchment in the 20th century.
Deutsch: Die Vinland Mappe / Karte ist angeblich eine Weltkarte des 15. Jahrhunderts, neu gezeichnet von einem Original aus dem 13. Jahrhundert . Gezeichnet mit schwarzer Tinte auf Tierhaut, wenn sie echt wäre, wäre die Karte die erste bekannte Darstellung der nordamerikanischen Küste, die vor Kolumbus' Reise 1492. Im linken oberen Teil Inschrift: "Mit Gottes Willen, nach einer langen Reise von der Insel Grönland nach Süden durch das Eis segelnd zu den am weitesten entfernten übrigen Teilen des westlichen Ozeans, entdeckten die Gefährten Bjarni und Leif Erikssohn ein neues Land, äußerst fruchtbar und sogar mit Reben, eine Insel, die sie Vinland nannten" Die meisten Gelehrten und Wissenschaftler, die die Karte untersucht haben, kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die Karte eine Fälschung ist, die wahrscheinlich im 20. Jahrhundert auf alten Pergament gezeichnet wurde.
Français : La carte du Vinland est une carte datant peut-être du XVe siècle, et reprenant un original du XIIIe siècle. Tracée à l'encre noire sur du parchemin, cette carte est la première carte connue montrant la côte de L'Amérique du Nord, et est plus ancienne que le voyage de Christophe Colomb (1492). La légende en haut à gauche se lit “Par la volonté de Dieu et après un long voyage depuis l'île du Groenland vers les parts les plus lointaines de la mer océane de l'ouest, naviguant au sud au milieu des glaces, les compagnons Bjarni et Leif Eiriksson découvrirent une nouvelle terre, très fertile et portant de la vigne [...] ils la nommèrent Vinland.” La plupart des études au sujet de cette carte suggèrent qu'elle est truquée, dessinée au 20me siècle sur deux feuilles de parchemin anciennes.
Polski: Uznawana jako XV-wieczna mapa świata, przerysowana z XIII-wiecznego oryginału, gdyby była prawdziwa zawierała by pierwszy znany opis wybrzeży Ameryki Północnej zwanej wówczas Vinland. Obecnie jednak na podstawie analizy składu atramentu jest uznawana za fałszerstwo powstałe po 1923 roku.
Українська: Мапа Вінланду з атласу «Mappa mundi» XV століття, зроблена з оригіналу XIII століття. Зображення нанесені чорною фарбою на шкірі тварини. Автентична карта є першим відомим зображенням північноамериканського узбережжя, що було створене до подорожі Христофора Колумба 1492 року. У верхньому лівому кутку напис: «За Божою волею, після довгого плавання від острова Гренландія на південь до найдальших частин Західного океану моря, плавання на південь серед криги, товариші Б'ярні і Лейф Ерікссон віднайшли нову землю, дуже родючу й багату на виноград... землі названі Вінландом.»
Більшість дослідників і вчених, які вивчали карту, дійшли висновку, що це фальшивка, ймовірно, зроблена на старому пергаменті у XX столітті.
العربية: الأبعاد: 27.8 × 41.0 سم (10.9 × 16.1 بوصة)
{يُقال إن خريطة/مخطط فينلاند هي خريطة موندي من القرن الخامس عشر، أعيد رسمها من نسخة أصلية من القرن الثالث عشر. تم رسمها بالحبر الأسود على جلد حيوان، وإذا كانت أصلية، فهي أول تصوير معروف لساحل أمريكا الشمالية، تم رسمها قبل رحلة كولومبوس عام 1492. يقرأ التعليق العلوي الأيسر: "بمشيئة الله، بعد رحلة طويلة من جزيرة جرينلاند إلى الجنوب نحو أبعد الأجزاء المتبقية من بحر المحيط الغربي، والإبحار جنوبًا وسط الجليد، اكتشف الرفيقان بيارني وليف ريكسون أرضًا جديدة، خصبة للغاية وحتى بها كروم، ... الجزيرة التي أطلقوا عليها اسم فينلاند". استنتج معظم الباحثين والعلماء الذين درسوا الخريطة أنها مزيفة، وربما رسمت على رق قديم في القرن العشرين. |
Date | |
Source | Yale University, from this website |
Author | Yale University Press |
Licensing
[edit]If the map is real, then it is public domain by virtue of its age. In the far more likely possibility of it being fake, it is public domain because it was published without copyright notice before 1977 (even ignoring the question of if the true creator of the map forfeited copyright protection immediately by not openly claiming the work).
This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that "faithful reproductions of two-dimensional public domain works of art are public domain".
This photographic reproduction is therefore also considered to be in the public domain in the United States. In other jurisdictions, re-use of this content may be restricted; see Reuse of PD-Art photographs for details. |
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
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This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties. العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ čeština ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ Nederlands ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ ไทย ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文(简体) ∙ 中文(繁體) ∙ +/− |
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Annotations InfoField | This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons |
Tatartata fluvius
Postreme Insule
Magnae Insulae Beati Brandani Branziliae dictae
magnus
Mare Occeanum Orientale
Frigida pars
Bela. rex
aben
Kemmodi montes Superiores Excels. sive Nimsini
Tartari affirmant absq. dubio q.
nova terra in extremis mundi partibus
sit posita nec ultima terra nisi solummodo
mare occeanum invenitur
Rusii habent imperium contiguum ex parte orientis mogalorum tartarorum
M. Kan ex parte boreali habent mare frigidum et magnum flumen
quod medium montii insularumq. transit inter glacies borealis occeani
progredit
Prestis Johannis iste sunt terre populose ad meridiem prope sinum
australe posite sed diverso ydiomatum in unum deum et in dnm ihm
xpm [dominum Iesum Christum] credunt ecclesias habent in quibus orare possunt dicunt[ur]
Nestoriani assidue processerunt usque ad terram Kitay
item reliqui filii Israel quod dominus monuit transiuerunt
versus montes Hemmodos quod superare non potuerunt
Montes superiores abrupti
In hanc terram primi fratres nostri ordinis iter faciendo ad tartaros
mongalos zamogedos [et] indos transiuerunt nobiscum per obedientiam
et subieccionem tam debitam q. devotam Innocentio sanctissimo Patri
nostro Pont. max. per totum occidentem et in reliqua parte usque ad
mare occeanum orientale
Terre non satis perscrutate
posite sunt inter boreales glacies
ab iisdem abdite
Volente deo post longum iter ab insula Gronelanda per meridiem ad
reliquas extremas partes occidentalis occeani maris iter facientes ad
austrum inter glacies byarnus et leiphus erissonius socii terram novam uberrimam
videlicet vinifera invenerunt quam Vinilandam insulam appellaverunt. Henricus
Gronelande regionumq. finitimarum sedis apostolicae episcopus legatus in hac terra
spaciosa vero et opulentissima in postumo anno p. ss. nrj. [patris sanctissimi nostri] Pascali accessit in nomine dei
omnipotentis longo tempore mansit estivo et brumali postea versus Gronelanda redit
ad orientem hiemalem deinde humillima obediencia superiori vo-
luntati processit
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current | 21:15, 7 September 2007 | ![]() | 3,038 × 2,103 (2.48 MB) | Jeff Dahl (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description=The Vinland map is purportedly a 15th century Mappa Mundi, redrawn from a 13th century original. |Source=Yale University |Date=9-7-07 |Author= |Permission= |other_versions= }} |
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Software used | Adobe Photoshop 7.0 |
File change date and time | 15:14, 29 July 2002 |
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