File:Medieval papal bull (FindID 242608).jpg
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Summary
[edit]Medieval papal bull | |||
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Photographer |
Norfolk Museum Service, Katherine Robbins, 2008-12-09 15:16:24 |
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Title |
Medieval papal bull |
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Description |
English: Medieval lead papal bulla of Honorius III (1216-27). The bulla survives in good condition with light rust-like staining to both obverse and reverse sides. The bulla has a wide and rather angular flan, the space from the pelleted border to the edge of this flan being up to 6mm wide on the reverse side, with the curvature of the bulla matrix edge being partly visible. Interestingly, this wide and irregular flan shape appears to be a feature of bullae of Honorius III, with similar irregular and large examples occuring on the bullae recovered from Cawston and Stradsett. Honorius is a relatively prolific issuing pope with eight bullae (including this example) now known from East Anglia. His reign saw a steady increase in the number of papal documents issued per year, a trend that continued until the late thirteenth century. The holes left by the cord which attached the seal to the document can be seen clearly and perhaps indicate string was used. This is important as string attachment indicates documents carrying papal orders, prohibitions or injunctions, known as 'Letter of Justice'. The alternative, silk threads, were used for grants and privaleges. The obverse and reverse dies are at and angle of 8 degrees, not a particularly tight sealing. The bulla reverse exhibits a number of die flaws that have previously been noted on a bulla of Honorius' predecessor, Innocent III (1198 - 1216), from Emneth. Both have a faint ridge running down from the A of SPA, and ridges running up from the S and E of SPE to the pelleted border. There is a possible die flaw on the obverse below the O. |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Norfolk | ||
Date |
between 1216 and 1227 date QS:P571,+1250-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P1319,+1216-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1227-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 |
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Accession number |
FindID: 242608 Old ref: NMS-49F084 Filename: NMD Feb 08 (62).JPG |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/196389 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/196389/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/242608 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License version 4.0 (verified 30 November 2020) |
Licensing
[edit]This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
Attribution: The Portable Antiquities Scheme/ The Trustees of the British Museum
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 18:56, 1 February 2017 | 1,935 × 931 (1.67 MB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, NMS, FindID: 242608, medieval, page 2828, batch sort-updated count 11191 |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Image title |
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Camera manufacturer | Minolta Co., Ltd. |
Camera model | DiMAGE 7i |
Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
F-number | f/3.5 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 18:48, 17 March 2008 |
Lens focal length | 47.4453125 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 2.0 |
File change date and time | 15:22, 5 December 2008 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 18:48, 17 March 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX brightness | 4.5 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.5 APEX (f/3.36) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 187 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Macro |
IIM version | 2 |