In another case, Division One of this court did not distinguish between locked and unlocked containers. See State v. Llamas-Villa , 67 Wash. App. 448, 454, 836 P.2d 239 (1992). In Llamas-Villa , officers executing a premises warrant for an apartment entered a storage room outside the apartment, near the front door.
As an issue of constitutional magnitude, it may be raised for the first time on appeal. State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn. App. 448, 454-55, 836 P.2d 239 (1992) (citing RAP 2.5(a); State v. Scott, 110 Wn.2d 682, 757 P.2d 492 (1988)); see also State v. Julian, 102 Wn. App. 296, 304, 9 P.3d 851 (2000) (holding that the right to challenge the conditions of community placement is not waived by the failure to object below). ¶10 The Sentencing Reform Act of 1981 (SRA), chapter 9.94A RCW, permits the court to impose crime-related prohibitions as part of a sentence.
While a person generally must be charged with violating a statute before it can be challenged on vagueness grounds, a potentially vague community placement condition involves different considerations. See State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn. App. 448, 455, 836 P.2d 239 (1992). "A criminal defendant's constitutional rights during community placement are subject to the infringements authorized by the [Sentencing Reform Act (SRA)]."
In effect, community placement imposes significant restrictions on a defendant's constitutional freedoms. In re Caudle, 71 Wn. App. 679, 683, 863 P.2d 570 (1993) (Sweeney, J., concurring); State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn. App. 448, 455, 836 P.2d 239 (1992). We echo the assessment by Judge Sweeney of the Court of Appeals:
Id. Vega is supported by State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn.App. 448, 455-56, 836 P.2d 239 (1992), where this court held that the condition that an offender not associate with persons using, possessing, or dealing with controlled substances was not unconstitutionally vague. Llamas-Villa argued that the provision was vague because it did not limit his liability only to situations involving people he knew were engaging in the prohibited activities.
"A criminal defendant's constitutional rights during community placement are subject to the infringements authorized by the Sentenc[ing] Reform Act [of 1981] ([ch.] 9.94A [RCW])." State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn.App. 448, 455, 836 P.2d 239 (1992). A court may order an offender to refrain from "contact with the victim of the crime or a specified class of individuals" or from possessing or consuming controlled substances, including alcohol, or to comply with any crime-related prohibitions. RCW 9.94A.703(2)(c), (3)(b).
But, in general, "[n]o causal link need be established between the imposed condition and the crime committed, so long as the condition relates to the circumstances of the crime." State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn. App. 448, 456, 836 P.2d 239 (1992). Moreover, the trial court may impose affirmative conditions only when specifically permitted under a sentencing provision.
¶20 Under RCW 9.94A.030(13), no causal link need be established between the prohibition imposed and the crime committed, so long as the condition relates to the circumstances of the crime. State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn. App. 448, 456, 836 P.2d 239 (1992). Sentencing conditions, including crime-related prohibitions, are reviewed for abuse of discretion. Riley, 121 Wn.2d at 36-37.
The question turns, then, on whether the officers exceeded the scope of the warrant. ¶20 Examination of State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn. App. 448, 836 P.2d 239 (1992), a Division One case, is instructive. In Llamas-Villa, officers executed a search warrant for apartment 101 at a specified address. After entering and searching apartment 101, an officer exited the apartment and opened a door labeled "storage" located in the common hallway immediately to the right of the apartment door.
State v. Erickson, 496 N.W.2d 555, 560 (N.D. 1993). See also State v. Devine, 307 Or. 341, 768 P.2d 913, 916 (1989); State v. Llamas-Villa, 67 Wn. App. 448, 836 P.2d 239, 241 (1992). A search of a place not described in a search warrant amounts to a warrantless search and is unlawful.